No abstract

Vehicle drive systems are often oversized for common customer operation in order to cover the high demands of rare driving events such as towing a trailer, high acceleration or steep inclines. This high torque and power requirement affects the efficiency map and the highest efficiency is around the area of increased torque and speed. However, in everyday use, drive systems are mostly driven by customers at low speed and load, and therefore are not operating in the most efficient area. Designing a drive system that only covers the area of highest customer operation can increase efficiency by moving the sweet spot of efficiency to the relevant area, and thus reduce energy consumption. Therefore, customer data need to be analyzed in order to identify customer requirements and to localize the area of greatest operation. The method presented in this paper analyzes customer data in order to identify design-relevant parameters for a customer-specific drive system design. The available customer data results from event-based counts and are submitted as a statistical frequency distribution. These statistics are compared with discrete time series recorded during test drives in order to derive representative time series that correspond to customer behavior. By applying the time frame-based load analysis to these relevant time series, the desired design-relevant parameters are pointed out.

Organic‐inorganic hybrid materials offer the opportunity to combine the desirable properties of organic polymers (toughness, elasticity) with those of inorganic solids (hardness, chemical resistance). Since improved mechanical and chemical resistance is an increasing demand for various coating applications, hybrid materials were developed based on polyfunctional silanols as new monomers in sol‐gel processing. After hydrolysis and condensation with different co‐reactants, coatings with superior optical and mechanical properties are obtained at ambient temperature. Such hybrid coatings show excellent chemical resistance and high UV stability. Although the adhesion to many substrates is good without additional pretreatment, the hybrid coatings exhibit a very anti‐adhesive surface. Due to these properties potential applications include automotive clear coats, hard coats for plastics, anti‐graffiti coatings and biocide‐free fouling‐release coatings.

Abstract. The thermal flow in a FLATCON® -type CPV module is investigated theoretically and experimentally. For the simulation a model in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software SolidWorks Flow Simulation was established. In order to verify the simulation results the calculated and measured temperatures were compared assuming the same operating conditions (wind speed and direction, direct normal irradiance (DNI) and ambient temperature). Therefore, an experimental module was manufactured and equipped with temperature sensors at defined positions. In addition, the temperature distribution on the back plate of the module was displayed by infrared images. The simulated absolute temperature and the distribution compare well with an average deviation of only 3.3 K to the sensor measurements. Finally, the validated model was used to investigate the influence of the back plate material on the temperature distribution by replacing the glass material by aluminum. The simulation showed that it is important to consider heat dissipation by radiation when designing a CPV module.

[{Cp(CO)2Fe}2SnCl2] reacts with AgBF4 to form [{Cp(CO)2Fe}2Sn(F)FBF3] 1.1 crystallizes in two monoclinic modifications with a = 1018.2(4), b = 1321.1(5), c = 1364.8(5) pm, β = 104.96(4)° (1a), and a = 983.1(2), b = 1760.2(6), c = 1060.4(3) pm, β = 104.28(2)° (1b). 1a and 1b contain a nearly tetrahedrally coordinated tin atom which is bonded to two {Cp(CO)2Fe} fragments, a F atom and a BF4 group.