Indonesian exports reached US$ 168.8 billion in 2017, an increase of 16.8% compared to the previous year (UN Comtrade 2018). One of the largest contributors to these exports is palm oil, amounting to 13.6% in 2017. Indonesian palm oil exports in 2017 reached US$ 22.97 billion, an increase of 26% compared to the value in 2016 (UN Comtrade 2018). In 2017, Indonesia exported approximately 29 million tons of palm oil, with the largest destination countries including India, with a market share of 25.37%; followed by the European Union, with 14.35%; and China, with 12.39% (UN Comtrade 2018). Different from India and China, which directly consumed its palm oil, European market besides consumed directly it also serve as a trade hub for other countries in the region (Rifin 2013). For a long time, countries of the European Union, particularly the Netherlands, have been the major market destination for Indonesian palm oil as well as being countries that connect Indonesia and other European countries. However, there have been many instances in the last several years where oil imports, mainly from Indonesia, have been hindered from entering European countries. Several issues, including health, environment, and animal protection, have been considered to hamper the entrance of Indonesian palm oil to Europe. This is confirmed by the Report on Palm Oil and Deforestation on Rainforests, which stated that palm oil is a very large problem related to the issue of corruption, child labor, violation of human rights, omission of the rights of indigenous people, and a trigger to deforestation and habitat

Rice demand in Indonesia increases every year so it makes the big gap between production and consumption of rice. Excess demand is covered by rice import which causes domestic rice price responds the global rice price movements that harm both producers and consumers. So, the policy instruments that could reduce dependence on rice import and can provide benefits to producers and consumers of rice is very needed. The objectives of this study were to analyze the impact of rice policy on rice market and the welfare of rice producers and consumers. This study uses annual time series data and simultaneous equations model with two stages least squares method. The analysis showed that rice policy changes can influence condition of Indonesia’s rice market and that the increase in Government Purchase Price (HPP), agricultural credit, and fertilizer subsidy can improve the welfare of the producers and consumers.

Health as a component of the Human Development Index (HDI) has a life expectancy rate as its indicator. Increased life expectancy can raise HDI. An allocation of health budget can increase life expectancy. The results of regression analysis on the health budgets of regencies/towns to influence the life expectancy rate showed that indirect expenditure, direct personnel expenditure, capital expenditure, and spending on goods and services had a significant and positive effect on life expectancy rate. One objective of this study is to formulate strategies that can be used to improve life expectancy through a budget allocation. Several alternative strategies have been formulated and put into a sequence from the highest value. The strategy of the first priority selected is the strength-opportunity strategy with its minor strategy, namely, giving financial assistance to the Regency/Town governments through budget allocations with the right target, time and amount as well as supervision over its implementation with the main focus to reduce mortality.The next strategy of the first priority is to increase cooperation with the private sector. Another strategy that has been formulated for the West Java Provincial Government to carry out is to consider the order of priority and time of implementation.Keywords: life expectancy, budget, health, Human Development Index ABSTRAK Dimensi kesehatan sebagai salah satu komponen Indeks Pembangunan manusia (IPM) memiliki Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH) sebagai indikatornya. Meningkatkan AHH dapat meningkatkan IPM. Alokasi anggaran kesehatan dapat meningkatkan AHH. Hasil analisis regresi yang dilakukan terhadap anggaran urusan kesehatan kabupaten kota dalam mempengaruhi AHH, menunjukkan bahwa belanja tidak langsung, belanja langsung pegawai, belanja modal, dan belanja barang jasa berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap AHH. Salah satu tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan AHH melalui alokasi anggaran kesehatan. Beberapa alternatif strategi telah dirumuskan kemudian diurutkan berdasarkan nilai yang tertinggi. Strategi prioritas pertama yang terpilih yaitu strategi strength-opportunity dengan strategi kecilnya yaitu memberikan bantuan keuangan kepada pemerintah kabupaten/kota sesuai dengan alokasi anggaran yang tepat sasaran, tepat waktu dan tepat jumlah disertai dengan pengawasan pelaksanaannya dengan fokus utama menurunkan tingkat kematian. Strategi prioritas pertama berikutnya adalah meningkatkan kerjasama dengan pihak swasta. Strategi lainnya yang telah dirumuskan dapat dilakukan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan memperhatikan urutan prioritas dan pengaturan waktu pelaksanaan.Kata kunci: Angka Harapan Hidup, anggaran, kesehatan, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia

Indonesia still requires approximately 4 million entrepreneurs to become a developed country. This research aimed at identifying and analyzing the factors forming the broiler farm entrepreneurial activities that contribute on generating new entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Independent latent variables were innovations (IN), productions (DP), competitiveness (DS), risks (PR), labors (TK), and policies (KP), and then entrepreneurial activities (AK) as dependent latent variable. The results showed that the model was built (MODEL1 as measurement model and MODEL2 as structural model) had goodness fit and good reliability measurement variables (CR≥0.70, VE≥0.50). Innovation was reflected by the level of willingness to innovate (λ=0.63) and level of technology (λ=0.62). Production was reflected by production efficiency (λ=0.62) and cost control (λ=0.43). Competitiveness was reflected by the internet (λ=0.56), the cost of starting (λ=0.55), and new business formation (λ=0.58). Labor was reflected by the training and development (λ=0.57), and motivation (λ=0.42). Policies was reflected by access to land (λ=0.56), technical assistance (λ=0.60), research and technology (λ=0.66), and copyright protection (λ=0.64). The entrepreneurial activity of broiler farms were formed by innovation (γ=0.91), competitiveness (γ=0.94), and policies (γ=0.98). Broiler farms contributed positively to generate new entrepreneurs. Production and information technology development program, facilitation of the creation of new ventures program, business expansion program, and a program of strengthening intellectual property rights on broiler farms should be a priority of the Indonesian government programs in the future.

Permintaan beras di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga membuat kesenjangan semakin besar antara produksi dan konsumsi. Kelebihan permintaan ditutupi oleh impor beras yang menyebabkan harga beras dalam negeri merespons pergerakan harga beras global yang merugikan produsen dan konsumen. Jadi, instrumen kebijakan yang dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada beras impor dan memberi keuntungan kepada produsen dan konsumen beras sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan beras pada pasar beras dan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen beras di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series tahunan dan model persamaan simultan dengan metode two stage least squares. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan beras dapat memengaruhi kondisi pasar beras Indonesia dan kenaikan harga pembelian pemerintah (HPP), kredit pertanian, dan subsidi pupuk dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen.