Limbah cair industri tahu mengandung bahan-bahan organik yang sangat tinggi. Senyawa-senyawa organik di dalam limbah cair tersebut berupa protein, karbohidrat, lemak dan minyak. Berdasarkan analisa limbah cair industri kecil tahu di karangploso diketahui bahwa limbah cair industri tahu mengandung COD (1247 mg/l), BOD (997 mg/l), TSS (587,5 mg/l) dan pH 3,7. Oleh sebab itu, limbah cair tersebut harus diolah terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan untuk mengurangi kandungan pencemar yang menyertai limbah tersebut. Salah satu koagulan alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah serbuk biji kelor. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menggunakan serbuk biji kelor dengan kadar air 10 %. Variasi dosis koagulan yang digunakan 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 mg/500 ml limbah cair tahu, ukuran koagulan 70 mesh dengan pH awal adalah 3,7. Waktu pengandukan optimum yang diperoleh adalah 2-3 menit dengan penurunan COD 280 mg/L, BOD 112 mg/L, TSS 100,4 pada dosis koagulan 2000 mg/500 ml, dan ukuran partikel koagulan 70 mesh dengan pH akhir adalah 3,9 , sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa biji kelor dapat digunakan sebagai koagulan yang efektif karena persentase penurunan yang diperoleh di atas 50 %.
PT. Alegria Indonesia merupakan salah satu perusahaan penghasil biodiesel yang ada di kotaPasuruan, bahan baku yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan biodiesel adalah biji jarak. Untuk mendapatkan bijijarak perusahaan terebut bekerjasama dengan para petani yang ada di sekitar perusahaan dan BalittasKarangploso Malang. Untuk itu berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel, termasukpada proses pencucian biodiesel tersebut. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mendapatkanbiodiesel dengan kualitas yang baik sesuai dengan standard kelayakan biodiesel di Indonesia dengan prosespencucian menggunakan magnesium silikat (Magnesol). Proses pemurnian dry washing biodiesel menggunakanadsorben magnesium silikat, dapat meningkatkan kemurnian dari biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Penggunaanmagnesium silikat yang tepat akan menyerap impurities dengan maksimal, termasuk sisa gliserol, sisa alkoholdan katalis, serta air dan sedimen pada biodiesel.Karakter fisik biodiesel secara umum telah memenuhi standardkelayakan biodiesel di Indonesia yang diatur dalam SNI 04-7182-2006 kecuali beberapa poin yaitu angka setanadan gliserol bebas.Masa aktif magnesium silikat (magnesol) rata-rata adalah sekitar 40-50 menit. Setelah itudisinyalir magnesium silikat (magnesol) telah atau mulai mengalami kejenuhan.
Wastewater from the tanning industry has relatively high Cr, COD, and TSS metal pollutants. According to the regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014 concerning the quality standard of wastewater for industrial activities, the standard quality value is 0.6 mg/L of Cr, 110 mg/L of COD, and 60 mg/L of TSS. This research aimed to determine the effect of electrode distance and voltage on reducing Cr, COD, and TSS levels in the wastewater from the tanning industry using batch electrocoagulation. The electrocoagulation method used in this research with fixed variables was the number of 2 plate electrodes and the changing variables; it was the distance between the electrodes (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm) and the electric voltage (3, 6 and 9 volts). The research was conducted on a laboratory scale in batches with a capacity of 10 litres. The electrodes used were aluminium (Al) as the anode and the cathode in plates. The analysis showed that the highest percentage reduction in COD reached 88.8889% and the highest Cr reached 83.4712% occurred at a distance of 2 cm with 9 volts voltage, the highest percentage reduction in TSS reached 85.0746% with a distance of 3 cm with 9 volts voltage. From the results of this research, it could be concluded that the electrocoagulation method in the batch electrocoagulator was efficient enough to reduce the levels of Cr, COD, and TSS with variable electrode distance and electric voltage.
The number of fixed Carbon produced from every banana peel waste of Ambon, kepok, and raja was different due to the influence of carbonization temperature change. Carbonization temperature was varied into 400 o C; 500 o C; 600 o C; 700 o C and 800 o C. Fixed Carbon analysis included the moisture content, ash content and volatile matter. The change of carbonization also had impact on the number of carbon yield produced. The analysis result of highest carbon yield was temperature 400 o C on kepok banana peel of 45.99%, Ambon banana peel of 42.14%, and raja banana peel of 41.18%. Meanwhile, the analysis result of fixed carbon according to the standard of SII 0258-88 was temperature 700 o C on raja banana peel of 92.53%, kepok banana peel of 91.13%, and Ambon banana peel of 89.29%, with the percentage of moisture content 0.07%, ash content 3.14%, and 4.27% of volatile matter. In addition, the number of fixed carbon of kepok banana peel was 90.12% and Ambon banana peel was 88.86%. The score of analysis parameter conducted in the research was in accordance with SII 0258-88 that was about the carbon quality requirement of solid material, percentage parameter of fixed carbon produced minimal was 65%, Water Content maximal was 15%, Ash content maximal was 10%, and Volatile Matter maximal was 25%.
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