There is a growing need for virus-detecting sensors with improved sensitivity and dynamic range, for applications including disease diagnosis, pharmaceutical research, agriculture and homeland security. We report a novel electrochemical biosensing method for improving the sensitivity for detection of the bacteriophage virus MS2, using nanoporous oxirane-derivatized beads. These beads are a commercial polymethyl-metacrylate (PMMA) polymer that has extremely high surface area to volume ratio, making it an ideal platform for surface based sensors. We have developed and evaluated a method for covalent bioconjugation of antibodies and biological support to polymeric beads. The resulting Solid State Kits (SSK) were used to selectively capture enzyme-labeled MS2 viruses from different solutions, enabling detection of a viral concentration of as low as 10 plaque-forming units per milliliter (pfu ml -1 ) by measuring the current (A) from the exposed SSK beads to the enzymatic reaction electrons movement not clear. The kit is connected to a "home made" designed micro-flow system, that exhibits sensitivity and dynamic range similar to the ELISA immuno-liquid array-based assay while outperforming protein micro-array methods.Immuno-Amperometric techniques, using nano-Bio-Polymers Solid Phase Disposable Kit, were used to measure and thus to validate the accuracy of novel technology for virus concentration determination. These work demonstrate the utility of immunoelectrochemical techniques for use in environmental-health quality assurance measurements of viruses.

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) gather the catabolic energy of microbial colonies and communities. For many years I been tested and improved various designs to create usable technology for real world applications with maximum efficiency and economic viability. A variety of microbes are being tested or peak performance in terms of metabolism, growth, and reductive potential, and mediator-less unction. MFCs are in the early stages of application with numerous goals for future research on the horizon. We produce electricity also, directly from degradation of organic matter -wastewater-containing phenols-in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Like any fuel cell, a MFC has an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The anaerobic anode chamber is most commonly connected internally to the cathode chamber by an ion exchange membrane, and an external wire that completes the circuit. Microbial fuel cells use wastewater as a fuel, or more generally a dilute solution of a variety of organic materials in water (like phenols and poly phenols).

Abstract:In this work, it is proposed a POCT and innovative method of immunoassay for the detection of C-reactive protein and IgG, using Amperometry coupled to solid state kit, connected to a micro-flow system with comparable sensitivity to a high sensitivity CRP ELISA (hsCRP) and IgG ELISA, with 1-3 min turnaround time to result. Samples of CRP (0 to 250 ng·mL -1 ) andIgG or diluted spiked human serum are injected through a solid state polymeric kit, micro-flow sensor channels of a SWCT SPE nano-modified biosensor. Preparing two kits immuno-assays, in the same micro-column, built on oxirane groups of polymeric bead surface, with biological support to CRP and IgG biomarkers recognition, in a real time scheme, at the end of analyte injection the initial rate of change in current intensity I/A was proportional to CRP respectively IgG concentration, with low detection limit (LOD) of 0.1 ng·mL -1 . It was revealed that CRP/IgG concentrations in serum that might be expected in both normal and pathological conditions can be detected in a real-time-efficient, multi-immunoassay with solid state detection kit technology with determined CRP/IgG concentrations in close agreement with those determined using a commercially available high sensitivity ELISA.

The stupendous enhance in the field of biosensors development was observed in recent years with promising applications in an eclectic range of disciplines, including medical analysis, food and the environment. Escalating number of analytes requiring monitoring and others that require control, and the ought for high sensitivity, speed, and accuracy of analytical measurements have enthused considerable interest in developing sensors as diagnostics tools. Assortment of molecules with biorecognition powers are available naturally such as antibodies, enzymes, cell receptors and nucleic acids and are used as the sensing receptors in biosensors. The eclectic range of transducers is also feasible to fulfill the rapid monitoring needs of the diagnostic market. Immuno-Biosensors can also be integrated into user-friendly instruments as an on-line monitoring device or a unique sensor. This paper deals with recent developments in biosensors in The Biosensor Laboratory at Tel Aviv University and their potential use in the environmental health and medical diagnostic market.

The improvement of disinfection efficiency for different contaminated fluid fluxes is related to the enhancement of oxidation processes at cellular level, developing original disinfection equipment. The construction of developed equipment is based on the amplification and focalization of UV germicide and bactericide radiation (wavelength l = 253.65 nm), using an elliptic cylinder shaped reflector and building up a resonant cavity for these radiations. Some theoretical considerations concerning the experimental device construction are described in the paper. The resonant elliptic cavity is used in LASER technique, as the �optic pumping� and this idea was involved in the developing of our equipment. Two TUV-60 lamps made by Philips Company were placed in the focal points of the elliptic cylinder (made by anodized aluminium) and a central quartz tube (symmetrical disposed between these lamps) was used as plug-and-flow photo-chemical reactor, through the fluid fluxes were passed. In these conditions the syntheses of chemical species with high oxidation capacity (hydroxyl radicals, ozone, etc.) can contribute to the advanced oxidation process of cellular microbian substrate. Distillated water and respectively an air flux contaminated with four types of pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Streptococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used in all experiments. The best results were recorded in the case of gas flux due to synchrony of UV/Ozone effects when all pathogenic microorganisms were destroyed. In case of water flux were obtained the similar results, for E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Salmonella sp. and Streptococcus, were still found in water after desinfection, as refractar pathogens in 34.3 % and respectivly 7.8 % in raport with initial CFU (104 colony formatting unities/mL).