The Prairie du Chien Group was injected with 2,754,000 gallons (368,200 cubic feet), or 10,430 cubic metres, of municipally treated water at about 100 gallons per minute (13.4 cubic feet per minute), or 6.3 litres per second, for 20 days. The injection-pipe system was deseed to utilize pipe friction rather than a remote-controlled valve in the well to maintain positive pressure and eliminate air entrainment in the injection water and the escape cf dissolved gasses from the water. During the 20-day injection period the temperature of the injection water declined gradually from 15.0° to 11.2°C, and the flow rate decreased from 108 to 90 gallons per minute (6.8 to 5.7 litres per second). Analyses of test data were, in some instances, based upon hydrologic judgement as well as observations. Results of aquifer tests before and after injections indicated that the tran^missivity had decreased 18 percent during the intervening injection periods; however, th specific capacity remained the same, indicating no change in transmissivity during pumtring. Analysis of water-level changes in observation wells during injection indicated a reduction in tiansmissivity of more than 50 percent; however, the specific capacity of the injection well decreased only about 5 percent during injection. A comparison of water-level changes with the discharge or recharge rates of the thre~ tests showed that the water-level changes in the two observation wells tapping the Prairie du Chien Group during the injection test were greater than those projected from the two aouifer pumping tests. The deviations in the water-level changes and in the analysis of aquifer-test data indicate that the methods used to analyze data from these wells may not be wholly applicable, inasmuch as anisotropic and nonhomogeneous conditions prevail in at least the Prairie du Chien part of the aquifer. The native water and the injected water averaged 0.8 and 25 milligrams per litre chloride, respectively. The chloride, utilized as a tracer, showed that the injected water was defected only in the lower part of the nearest observation well, 99 feet (30.2 metres) from the injection well. The chemistry of the water and the rock formation showed little likelihood of plugging of the recharge well by chemical precipitation. Microbiological phenomena apparently did not become a significant factor in the recharge test. The hydraulic gradient of the aquifer in October and December 1971 (before and after injection) was estimated to be N. 36° E., 0.0013, and N. 39° E., 0.0012, respectively, on the basis of measurements of water levels in the three wells in the Prairie du Chien Group The single-well tracer-dilution method of calculation showed a hydraulic gradient of 0.0016. A longitudinal dispersivity of 280 feet (85 metres) was calculated. Such a value of dispersivity is typical of fractured reservoirs and shows that the Prairie du Chien Group is a heterogeneous aquifer. The injection test demonstrated that it is hydrologically feasible to recharge the Prairie du Chien Group and th...
____-1 Introduction _ Purpose of investigation ___ Location and extent of area Previous investigations _______ _ Methods of present investigation _ Well-numbering system __ Acknowledgments _ _ Hydrogeology _______________ _ The groundwater table and groundwater movement ____ _ Recharge ___________________ __ Discharge _______________________ _ _-Temperature ________________________-____ _ Chemical quality ___________________________________ Aquifer characteristics ______________________________ Aquifer tests _________________________________ Laboratory analyses of aquifer materials _______________ Computations of transmissivity by the gradient-river-gain methcd Summary of transmissivity and storage coefficient __________ Analysis and probable effects of groundwater pumping ________ Theoretical maximum yields ________________________ Relationship of transmissivity, well yield, and saturated thickness Well interference _______________________________ Mathematical model of the hydrologic system in part of the area Pumped water derived from streams or lakes _____________ 39 Discussion of analyses ____________________________ 41 Conclusions _______________________________________ References ______________________________________ 44
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