Introduction: Choosing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or salvage RT after radical prostatectomy (RP) for locally advanced prostate cancer is controversial. Performing RT early after RP may increase the risk of urinary complications compared to RT performed later. We evaluated the urinary complication rates of men treated with surgery followed by early or late RT. Methods: Using a retrospective chart review, we compared rates of urinary incontinence (UI), bladder neck contracture (BNC), or urethral stricture in men with prostate cancer treated with early RT (<6 months after RP) or late RT (≥6 months after RP), 3 years after RT. Results: In total, 652 patients (between 2000 and 2007) underwent early RT (162,24.8%) or late RT (490, 75.2%) after RP. The mean time to early RT was 3.6 months (range: 1-5 months) and to late RT was 30.1 months (range: 6-171 months). At 3 years post-RT, UI rates were similar in the early RT and the late RT groups (24.5% vs. 23.3%, respectively, p = 0.79). Prior to RT, 27/652 (4%) patients had a BNC and 11/652 (1.7%) had a urethral stricture, of which only 1 BNC persisted at 3 years post-RT. After RT, 17/652 (2.6%) BNC and 4/652 (0.6%) urethral stricture developed; of these, 6 BNC and 2 urethral strictures persisted at 3 years. Conclusion: Rates of UI, BNC, and urethral stricture were similar with early and late RT at 3 years post-RT. These findings suggest that the timing of RT after RP does not alter the incidences of these urinary complications and can aid in the decision-making process regarding adjuvant RT versus salvage RT.

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa) constitute a rare, but increasingly recognized family of seemingly distinct mesenchymal tumors which can occur in any part of the body. Due to their rarity, radiological descriptions of PEComas in the current literature are few and non-specific, making diagnosis difficult, though some common imaging features have been reported. We present an unusual case of multifocal retroperitoneal and pelvic PEComas, mimicking liposarcoma, subsequently treated with open surgery.

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A new and interactive model for presenting human anatomy may allow students, instructors, and clinicians to better understand and integrate knowledge of the body. The aim is to create an anatomically correct three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of a human heart that will be able to rhythmically contract with time, resulting in a four‐dimensional (4‐D) heart model. ECG‐gated cardiac computed tomography (CCT) scans taken at ten time phases (5%‐95%, at 10% intervals) were processed by 3‐D visualization and modeling software (AMIRA). Using manual and automatic segmentation techniques, voxels with gray scale values representing different parts of the heart anatomy were selected and compiled to create the model. A model was constructed for each heartbeat phase, and all phase models were consolidated into one dynamic moving model. The resulting stereoscopic 4‐D model will retain the structure of the original anatomy. An effort will be made to detect any pathological anomalies in the patient using the model. It will feature interactive and explorative capability, eg. zooming in/out, addition and removal of different areas of the heart anatomy, and alteration of model opacity for better viewing of inner compartments.Grant Funding SourceInternal