Stability plays a vital role in any robotic system. Its significance increases in systems related to health and medicine. For rehabilitation devices meant for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients, stability is crucial and key element in ensuring patient safety and the usefulness of the devices. In this study, kinematics, force analysis, and the static tip-over stability of a device for rehabilitation of paraplegic patients is discussed. Kinematics modeling and static force analysis provide critical information about position and loading at different points on the device. Force-Angle Stability Criterion is used to find the static tip-over stability of the device while the patient is on board the device. The Criterion relies on the support boundary, tip-over mode axes, and the Center of Mass (COM) of the complete system. The Criterion is sensitive to the COM position and therefore is more suitable for the application. The linear actuator mounted on the device causes the end effector of the device to move. The patient, strapped with the end effector, in turn moves from sitting position to standing position. The study focuses on the analysis of stability based on changing COM during this motion. The results verify that although the system is well within the stability bounds, it is more stable as it moves from sitting position to standing position.

Over the previous two decades, computer use has increased the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems and other disorders. Frequent computer use is to blame for a slew of MSDs that can cause fatigue, pain, and even impairment. Tendons, ligaments, joints, nerves, blood muscles, and veins are all affected by these conditions. Methods: The study design of this research was cross-sectional. The sample size of 413. The data was gathered from IT Professionals of 4 different software houses of Lahore. Nordic musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire was used. Results: The most affected body regions among were neck (63.9%), lower back (58.6%), and upper back (42.9%). Other affected regions were; Right shoulder (39.2%), Left shoulder (33.7%), both shoulders (31.2%), one or both hips/thighs (26.2%), right wrist/hand (23.2%), one or both knees (22.8%), left wrist/hand (20.8%), one or both ankles/feet (19.4%), right elbow (15.3%), left elbow (12.6%), both wrist/hand (12.3%) and both elbows (8.2%) respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders seen in the IT Professionals,

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Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of gluteal muscles strengthening in piriformis syndrome. Study design: Experimental study Place and duration of study: Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st February 2019 to 31st July 2019. Methodology: Fifty patients presenting with piriformis syndrome were enrolled. They were divided in two groups. Control group received piriformis stretching, ultrasound and conventional isometrics. Experimental group received piriformis stretching, ultrasound and a gluteal strengthening program. The baseline parameters were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Patients were treated for 40 minutes 3 times a week for 4weeks. Results: Reduction in intensity of pain as well as improvement in ROM was seen in both groups. There was significant improvement in lateral rotation of hip in experimental group, and as piriformis is also a lateral rotator of hip joint, hence improvement in range of lateral rotation shows that a gluteal strengthening program has significant in increasing ROM of joint. There was significant improvement in MMT grade of gluteal muscles comparatively in the experimental group. Conclusion: Experimental group showed improvements in decreasing pain and improvements in strength, with a significant improvement in lateral rotation shows that gluteal strengthening program can be used to treat pts with piriformis syndrome. Key words: Manual Muscle Testing, Visual analog scale