JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Abstract This paper explores arrangements through which the four Roman aqueducts running through Tiburtine territory supplied Tibur itself and villas in the region. Frontinus reports that the Aqua Anio Vetus, the oldest of the Roman lines drawing their water from the upper Anio valley, had a special branch for Tiburtine needs, but the archaeological evidence suggests that the three later aqueducts, the Marcia, Claudia, and Anio Novus, were routed through Tiburtine territory not only to take advantage of the natural topography but also to meet the water requirements of Tibur and the region. Such arrangements, which certainly served private needs in Tiburtine territory, are not inconsistent with deliveries to private consumers in the suburbium closer to the city and also in Rome itself. The evidence therefore indicates that Rome's aqueducts served communities along their courses, in addition to delivering essential supplies to the city itself.* Ancient Tibur (modern Tivoli) was justly famous for its abundance of water. Horace, for example, twice describes the town and its environs as "well-watered" (Carm. 1.7.13-14: praeceps Anio ac Tiburni lucus et uda/mobilibus pomaria rivis; 3.29.6: udum Tibur), a characterization echoed by writers fascinated by the town's dramatic position at the Anio gorge at the western edge of the Sabine hills.' Tibur was indeed privileged in its situation: its site was not only physically spectacular but also advantageous for exploiting its abundant water, since the inhabited area of the ancient town extended to the west in large part below the level of the Anio before the river reached its cascade. The archaeological evidence confirms that the Tiburtines wisely capitalized on this, channeling Anio water throughout the city to serve a variety of industrial as well as human uses,2 but they did not rely on the river alone to meet their water needs.Tibur had at least one aqueduct of its own bringing water from outside for urban requirements.3 From epigraphical evidence its water system appears to have been sophisticated and ambitious for a town its size: inscriptions attest a praefectus rivi supernatis (CIL XIV, 3682), a tribunus aquarum (CIL XIV, 3674), and a * I have used the Teubner edition of C. Kunderewicz (Leipzig 1973) for all citations from Frontinus. I am indebted to R.H. Rodgers for very kindly making available to me the manuscript of his forthcoming text and commentary on De
