Ascites, pseudocyst, necrosis of the retroperitoneal fat tissue and pancreatopleural fistula with left sided pleural effusion may complicate pancreatitis. However, steatonecrosis of the mediastinum and right side pleural effusion are rather rare complications of pancreatitis. We present a case of a patient with alcohol induced pancreatitis. Chest x-ray showed right sided pleural effusion. Although high levels of amylase in pleural fluid made the diagnosis of pancreatopleural fistula most likely, necrosis of the mediastinal fat tissue with right side pleural effusion was found postmortem.

We report on an 80-year-old woman without previous episodes of biliary colic, and known cholecystolithiasis who underwent emergency surgery due to pyloric obstruction caused by a large, 7-cm stone, after failure of endoscopic treatment. The stone was removed through pylorotomy, which was closed transversely in multiple layers and patched with omentum. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by operative wound infection. She was discharged on postoperative day 22 and had no complaints at the 6-month follow-up.

Cilj: Prikazati slučaj pacijentice s akutnim abdominalnim bolom i Bouveretovim sindromom kao rijetkom komplikacijom kolecistolitijaze. Prikaz slučaja: Osamdesetogodišnja pacijentica primljena je u hitnu medicinsku službu zbog bolova u epigastriju i gornjem abdomenu uz povraćanje tamnog sadržaja koji traju unazad tri dana. Posljednja stolica pacijentice bila je uredna, uredne diureze i pacijentica je bila afebrilna. U laboratorijskim nalazima vrijednosti upalnih parametara bile su neznatno povišene. Učinjen je ultrazvuk abdomena koji je pokazao skvrčeni žučnjak s kamencima. Nativna snimka abdomena nije pokazala znakove pneumoperitoneuma i ileusa. Pacijentici je ordinirana ulkusna terapija s naglaskom da se javi na kontrolni pregled ako se stanje pogorša. Dva dana nakon prijama pacijentici se stanje pogoršalo te dolazi u gastroenterološku ambulantu, gdje joj je učinjena ezofagogastroduodenoskopija (EGDS) koja je pokazala tamnozeleni sadržaj u lumenu jednjaka i želuca te zaglavljen velik kamenac u pilorusu, zbog čega je pacijentica hospitalizirana. Drugog dana hospitalizacije pacijentici se ponovio EGDS s neuspješnim ishodom. Trećeg dana hospitalizacije pacijentici je neuspješno učinjena hitna eksplorativna laparoskopija i operativni zahvat se konvertirao u desnu subkostalnu laparotomiju, te je gastrotomijom ekstrahiran žučni kamenac. Pacijentici je dalje učinjena gastroenteroanastomoza i enteroenteralna anastomoza po metodi Braun, uveden je dren subhepatalno i rana je zašivena po slojevima. Postoperativni tijek kompliciran je infekcijom operacijske rane. Pacijentica je otpuštena dvadesetdrugog postoperativnog dana te nije imala bilijarnih smetnji u sljedećih šest mjeseci praćenja. Zaključak: Uzrok akutnog abdominalnog bola nerijetko može biti i komplikacija kolecistolitijaze. U rijetkim slučajevima kolecistolitijaza se može komplicirati žučnim kamencem prisutnim izvan žučnjaka koji migirira kroz biliogastričnu ili bilioduodenalnu fistulu s opstrukcijom pilorusa (Bouveretov sindrom), što predstavlja životno ugrožavajuće stanje uz smrtnost od 12 % do 30 %.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common reason for emergency hospitalisation. Early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the corner stone of management; the alternative option for achieving primary hemostasis is emergency surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of UGIB in the last 10 years and to present our surgical results. We observed 5 955 bleeding patients (68.4 % male and 31.6 % female) with a mean age of 57.7 inverted question mark 15.8 years. The most frequent causes of bleeding were gastric and duodenal ulcers (61 %) followed by gastroduodenal erosions (15.4 %) and varicous veins (5.7 %). Indications for emergency surgery were massive UGIB or rebleeding after active endoscopic treatment. On operation, gastric and duodenal ulcers were responsible for massive UGIB in 86.4 % cases. Overall hospital mortality rate during 10 years was 13.2 % and depended on age and concomitant diseases. In total 5.9 % of operated patients were rebleeding. Those with rebleeding underwent a second operation and showed a statistically higher mortality rate (35.7 % vs 11.8 %) compared to those surgical patients without rebleeding; p < 0.001. The mortality rate after vagotomy and pyloroplasty was 13.2 % (14/106) and did not differ significantly from that after gastric resection (15.2 %; 9/59).

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