The study of soil minerals structure has been conducted in the Sawaru village, Maros regency, South Sulawesi which is locally known to be the landslides-prone area. The aim of this research is basically to determine the mineral characteristics of the soil. The samples were taken randomly in three points with a depth of 75 cm at point 1 and 100 cm for the other. The structure of the samples was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) where the samples were placed in the high temperature and airtight containers. The results of XRD analysis showed that minerals contained at point 1 (75 cm in depth) were illite (69.3%) with a monoclinic structure, albit mineral (25.6%) with a triclinic structure and kaolinite (5.0%) with a triclinic structure. Samples at point II (100 cm depth) contained illite (67.2%), feldspar (23.9%) with monoclinic and merrillit (8.9%) with trigonal structures. Samples at point III (100 cm in depth) contained illite (55.9%), bobtraillite (22.2%) with a trigonal structure and feldspar (21.9%) with a monoclinic structure. The minerals observed at the sampling points are dominated by illite which is clay in nature. Such a mineral has been known to have an ability to initiate high plasticity in soil, leading to the slope instability.

Mass movement phenomena that occur in the research area affect the destruction of water channel in the area of PLTM Lambangan that located at the location. This research aimed to investigate soil movement phenomena in order to determine control factors that causing soil prone to move, especially in the surface geological aspect and underground lithology condition in the research area. Investigation method applied is by underground geologic and geophysical surveys using electrical method, that is Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) with Wenner Configuration. Results of investigation show that geological factors are quite related to the soil movement. Movement phenomena occur in the surface with hilly to steep cut topography (21-55%) with material sourced from alluviation of clastic sediment dan carbonatic rocks. The damaged area is people farming area where fibre root of plant adds water absorption capacity of the soil. Also, sliding materials show water seepage that indicates that the moving slope has been saturated. This condition supported by information from geoelectric survey which indicates that in general the under surface material potent to slide or move because of unconsolidated material with its resistivity values in the order of 16 – 43 m that estimated related to alluvial or saturated residual soil.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan zona reservoar hidrokarbon pada lapangan ABD-1, ABD-2 dan ABD-3 yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan kuantitatif dan analisis kualitatif untuk menentukan sifat reservoar yang melibatkan data log gamma ray (GR), log neutron (NPHI) dan log densitas (RHOB). Tahap penentuan kandungan hidrokarbon dengan menggunakan data log resistivitas, log NPHI dan log RHOB. Penentuan zona reservoar reservoar hidrokarbon menggunakan analisis data log resistivitas dan log NPHI. Adapun analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini menghitung nilai dari shale volume (Vshale), porositas (Ф), resistivitas (RW) dan saturasi air (SW). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sumur ABD-1 pada kedalaman 7422 ft -7426 ft, 7869 ft – 7924 ft, 8033 ft – 8100 ft adalah dapat mengetahui persentase hidrokarbon yang terdapat pada zona tersebut. Untuk gas mempunyai harga Sw adalah 0 – 35, minyak mempunyai harga Sw adalah 35 – 65 dan air mempunyai harga Sw adalah 65. Persentase tersebut tidak dapat menjadi tolak ukur untuk asusmsi hidrokarbon yang berisi oil dan gas, karena jika harga Sw 35 bisa jadi oil ataupun sebaliknya. Jika menggunakan analisis kualitatif diperoleh bahwa zona reservoir pada kedalaman 7422 ft – 7426 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung gas. Pada kedalaman 7638 ft – 7730 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung gas. Reservoar pada kedalaman 7422 ft – 7426 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung air.    

The pattern of surface currents and salinity distribution at the mouth of the Palu River by using the 2D coherens model to show that the presence of wind factors influences the velocity and direction of the tidal and non-tidal surface flow patterns at the mouth of the Palu River. Using primary and secondary data, the results show that non-tidal currents are more dominant with the direction of spread from the North to the East to the West then turn to the South, with a velocity of 2.57 m/s. The pattern of salinity distribution with tidal and non-tidal flow generators has a different model. Still, it has the same direction, namely the flow from North East to West direction, which is deflected to the South adjacent to the mouth of the Palu River estuary.

Bora geothermal is one of the manifestations that appear at the meeting of two fault zones namely Palu-Koro Fault and Palolo Fault. This geothermal is classified as non-volcanic. Existing tectonic activity, presumably leading to the formation of a depressive zone that triggers a rock intrusion process that conducts heat conductively. To find out the sub-surface structure, we apply the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The data collection technique we use is 2-D imaging with Wenner configuration, where the number of electrodes is 21 pieces at 6 m intervals. Shallow depths Penetration targeted about 20 m below ground surface (m.bgs. The resistivity values obtained are in the range < 0.15 Ohm.m to > 56.6 Ohm.m which indicates the subsurface layer is strongly influenced by the fluid. However, the interesting thing here is that the hot water pool formed on the surface of about 6 m dimension is passed through the path of ERT measurement around the electrode number 11 and 12, illustrated in the resistivty section to ± 10 m.bgs depth and turning toward the electrode number 4 up to 7 as the lowest anomaly source at depth > 15 m.bgs. This configuration of low resistivity anomaly is what we interpret as a shallow ground pathway with local high temperatures as the source of the emergence of Bora geothermal manifestations.