Indonesia has the largest nickel laterite reserves in the world that it plays an important role in fulfilling the demand for stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, and the issue of using electric cars in the future. Currently, low-grade nickel laterite ore has not been maximally processed into value-added products domestically. The extraction process that is widely applied in the industry for low-grade laterite nickel ore through the hydrometallurgical route, which is the leaching method at atmospheric pressure in a sulphuric acid solution. The characterization of nickel ore from Sorowako has been studied that included water content analysis, sieve analysis, XRF analysis, XRD analysis, and leaching in sulphuric acid solution with agitation method at various leaching times. The results showed that the nickel ore sample from Sorowako had a water content of 5.51% with a dominant size fraction of -4 +14 mesh. XRD and XRF analysis results have shown that the chemical compositions of laterite nickel from Sorowako were Limonitic type of goethite (FeOOH) and quartz (SiO2) with the content of Ni, Co, Mg, and Fe of 1.5%, 0.02%, 0.05%, and 23.82%, respectively. The highest percentages of nickel and iron extract that were obtained at the 12 hour leaching time were 90.01% and 97.11%, respectively.

The pattern of surface currents and salinity distribution at the mouth of the Palu River by using the 2D coherens model to show that the presence of wind factors influences the velocity and direction of the tidal and non-tidal surface flow patterns at the mouth of the Palu River. Using primary and secondary data, the results show that non-tidal currents are more dominant with the direction of spread from the North to the East to the West then turn to the South, with a velocity of 2.57 m/s. The pattern of salinity distribution with tidal and non-tidal flow generators has a different model. Still, it has the same direction, namely the flow from North East to West direction, which is deflected to the South adjacent to the mouth of the Palu River estuary.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan zona reservoar hidrokarbon pada lapangan ABD-1, ABD-2 dan ABD-3 yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan kuantitatif dan analisis kualitatif untuk menentukan sifat reservoar yang melibatkan data log gamma ray (GR), log neutron (NPHI) dan log densitas (RHOB). Tahap penentuan kandungan hidrokarbon dengan menggunakan data log resistivitas, log NPHI dan log RHOB. Penentuan zona reservoar reservoar hidrokarbon menggunakan analisis data log resistivitas dan log NPHI. Adapun analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini menghitung nilai dari shale volume (Vshale), porositas (Ф), resistivitas (RW) dan saturasi air (SW). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sumur ABD-1 pada kedalaman 7422 ft -7426 ft, 7869 ft – 7924 ft, 8033 ft – 8100 ft adalah dapat mengetahui persentase hidrokarbon yang terdapat pada zona tersebut. Untuk gas mempunyai harga Sw adalah 0 – 35, minyak mempunyai harga Sw adalah 35 – 65 dan air mempunyai harga Sw adalah 65. Persentase tersebut tidak dapat menjadi tolak ukur untuk asusmsi hidrokarbon yang berisi oil dan gas, karena jika harga Sw 35 bisa jadi oil ataupun sebaliknya. Jika menggunakan analisis kualitatif diperoleh bahwa zona reservoir pada kedalaman 7422 ft – 7426 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung gas. Pada kedalaman 7638 ft – 7730 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung gas. Reservoar pada kedalaman 7422 ft – 7426 ft merupakan hidrokarbon yang mengandung air.    

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Increasingly limited residential land in urban areas results in residents looking for and making settlements around landfills. This affects people’s lives in fulfilling their daily needs, clean water. To meet the demand for clean water, some residents use well water as the primary drinking water source. Judging from the condition of the residential areas located in the landfill area, there may be an effect of waste, especially liquid waste, on well water sources. For this reason, research is carried out using the geoelectric method by combining two configurations, namely Schlumberger and dipole-dipole. So that it can provide an overview of the boundaries of liquid waste contaminants in the soil, which are associated with conductive fluids that affect the quality of clean water from residential areas around the landfill. In this study, it was found that the fluid flow associated with liquid waste has a lateral movement to the right with a depth of 24.5 meters.