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Compromise of vertebrobasilar circulation results in ischaemia of brainstem and cerebellar structures. Vertebral Artery (VA) follows a unique, long and tortuous course through the neck and cranium. It is divisible into 4 distinct parts. This seems to be the nature's way to allow for the movements of neck without altering the blood supply to the vital organs. MATERIAL AND METHODSVA were dissected in cadavers throughout its length on both the sides and the following segments V1: part (Proximal, Distal), V2: part, V3: part, and V4: part (Proximal, Distal) were removed. Tissues were processed and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Orcein and Masson's trichrome stains. RESULT AND CONCLUSIONA higher incidence of thickening of SET showed variability in the thickness. Wavy character, straight outline or at places interruption IEL is suggestive of patchy atherosclerosis in the vessel which may lead to the narrowing of the lumen and during pressure or stretching due to rotational movement may compromise the blood supply leading to vertebrobasilar syndrome. In some vessels presence of a thrombus with an attempt to canalization indicates that if there is no efficient collateral circulation the areas supplied may suffer from ischaemia.

The coronary sinus is important in many electrophysiological procedures including arrhythmia ablation, biventricular pacing and for deployment of an array of cardiac devices. The advent of advanced invasive and interventional cardiac treatment and management tools for common disorders like heart failure has made understanding of CS anatomy necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe study has been conducted in fifty normal hearts available. Length of CS was measured. CS ostium and the Thebesian valve were exposed and measurements taken. Histological study of CS was done. RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe presence of myocardial fibres in the wall of CS and their arrangement in the form of circular, longitudinal and tangentially arranged fibres may have regulating function on the flow of blood in the CS. The connection of the muscle fasciculi with the left and the right atrium may have selective role in the conduction and act as an accessory pathway.In the present study the average length of the CS was 30 mm; in the majority (96.0%) the CS ostium was oval. In most of the cases (84.0%) CS ostium was guarded by thebesian valve, which was semilunar in shape (74%). The valve covered variable area of the ostium.

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