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Purpose The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to determine the relationship and effect of built environment on occupants’ productivity in green-certified office buildings in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Two research hypotheses were tested by approaching the survey method under the quantitative phenomenon. The questionnaire survey was conducted among randomly selected occupants in three selected green-rated office buildings in Sri Lanka. The survey data were analysed by using the Spearman correlation and ordinal logistic regression analysis techniques to model the relationship existing between the variables. The SPSS v20 software was used in data analysis. Findings The findings confirm the relationship between built environment and occupants’ productivity. As it further proves that, there is a significant effect of built environment on occupants’ productivity in green-certified office buildings. Thus, critical built environment factors influencing occupants’ productivity and their effect were determined. Practical implications The findings could be practically implied as bases to strengthen the evaluation criteria of indoor environmental quality in GREENSL® national green-rating system. Originality/value The evaluation of occupants’ productivity and the built environment factors has been at the focal point of research; however, most studies have focused on single aspects of the built environment. Further, no evidences were found on “which factors” can critically influence the occupants’ productivity in green buildings. The paper, therefore, seeks to fill this gap by proving the relationship between green built environment and occupants’ productivity.

Service consistency acts as a key media to achieve sameness and fairness in service delivery. Service consistency is vital to attraction of new customers, enhanced corporate image, reduced costs, and increased business performance. Nonetheless, struggle in developing and applying measurements for service quality can be commonly identified with service consistency failure situations. Hence, to better manage changes as well as to overcome such issues, organization should adopt a proper methodology to improve service consistency for Facilities Management (FM). Thus, this study aims to improve the service consistency of FM service proving organizations in Sri Lanka. Case study method was adopted in qualitative phenomenon. Under the case study method, three cases (FM service providing organisations) were studied. Twelve (12) semi-structured interviews were conducted among the FM related professionals in the selected cases to collect the data. Case study data were analysed by using the content analysis and crosscase analysis techniques. Direct interaction with customers, complain handling procedures, conduct skill development programmes, collect customers feedback and recruit experienced professionals were identified as some of the existing strategies used for service consistency. Different customer expectations, employee turnover, communication errors and lack of customer experience about FM services were revealed as major issues for service consistency. Accordingly, the suggestions, including sharing information with each employee, improving decision making skills, developing customer care strategies and implementing better recruitment system, were proposed to overcome the identified issues of service consistency in FM service providing organisations in Sri Lanka.

The current trend in urban planning has been evolved for developing the cities smart. Smart city concept directs urban development in to a strategic path to achieve sustainability in urban development. The understanding made up on the concept of smart city within any region would be fruitful to review in this nature. Similarly, the various stakeholders who would influence and contribute on smart city development projects are profound to identify in order to make the project success. As previous researches denoted, a timely and effective consultation of relevant stakeholders is of paramount importance for the success of any project. In line of thinking, this research was aimed to conduct a stakeholder analysis through a comprehensive literature review. Thirty one (31) key literature projects were obtained from recognised research databases and were critically reviewed to identify the internal and external project stakeholders of smart city development projects. As the key findings, the concept of smart city was first recognised. Secondly, academia and research institutions, local and regional administrations, financial suppliers/investors, energy suppliers, ICT sector representatives, citizens, government, property developers, non-profit organisations, planners, policy makers, experts and scientists, political institutions and media were identified as key internal and external stakeholders of a smart city development project. The key research findings were presented through a conceptual framework. The developed framework could be utilised as a basis to analyse the different influences and contributions of stakeholders of smart city development projects in any context.

In every country, a significant quantity of water is lost from the distribution system before it could be billed. This water named as non-revenue water (NRW) reduces considerably the revenue earned by the utility by selling treated water. Thus, this research aimed to propose a cost effective management system for the non-revenue water lost from the water distribution system in Sri Lanka. The research used a quantitative approach. A questionnaire survey was carried out to identify the severity of each type of water loss. The data collected were analysed to categorize under four main groups the causes that produce non-revenue water in the distribution systems: distribution line leaks, administrative errors, illegal water usage and free water supply. Finally, a cost effective management model was developed outlining the strategies that could be adopted to prevent the different types of water losses. The cost effectiveness of investing in non-revenue water reduction in the water distribution system in Sri Lanka was determined by referring to archival records. The cost effective model developed would be useful in long-term planning to significantly reduce the water lost from the distribution systems in the country.