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Phytochemical screening and Brine Shrimp lethality test of pecut kuda leaf extract had been done against Artemia salina Leach. The aims of this study is to screen potentially bioactive extract of pecut kuda leaf as an effort ti find out the chemical substances responsible for the toxic effect. The Pecut kuda leaves (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, L. Vahl) was extracted by methanol 80 percent, then partitioned successively with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was done according to Ciulei method (1984). The toxicity effect was tested against A. salina, L (Brine Shrimp Test). The result of phytochemical screening known that compounds in the extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl), hexane fraction contained of sterol and triterpenes; where the chloroform fraction contained of saponin, sterol, and triterpenes; further more the ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, sterol, dan triterpenes. The result of the study shows that several fractions of extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis) hexane fraction, chloroform, and ethyl acetate was toxic because it was able to kill more than 50 percent larva of A. salina, L at the concentration less than 1000 ppm. The LC50 of all fractions of pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl) were shown from the most toxic to the lowest were as followed: LC50 of hexane fraction = 98.33 ppm, of chloroform raction LC50 = 204.17 ppm, and of ethyl acetate fraction LC50 = 249.80 ppm. Finally results of the TLC profile showed that all fraction (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) indicated that the pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis) contained terpenoid compound.

The antibacterial activity of essential oil of five Indonesian herbs has been studied. The essential oil produced from different parts of plants (lime, lemon, Surinam cherry, fennel, and toothache plants) were extracted by water steam or hydro distillation and then examined by GCMS. The antibacterial activities of the essential oils were determined by measuring MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), whereas some bacterial strains were used in this study such as follows: Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, B. cereus FNCC 0057, Escherichia coli IFO 0091, Pseudomonas cepacia FNCC 0063, and P. aeruginosa FNCC 0063, respectively. All the five samples used in this experiment have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria appear more resistant than Gram-positive bacteria. By using MIC measurement the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed different sensitivities toward essential oils. Among the material study, the essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L (Surinam cherry) showed the highest antibacterial activity.

The objectives of the study are to obtain optimum yield of extraction red rice bran oil, to determine the physico-chemical characteristics, and componen coumpounds. Data was analyzed using Nir Parametric Statistics by Friedmann test. The result showed the optimum extraction results was obtained by the ratio of substrate : solvent of 1: 8 and the oil yield was 12.31 ± 0.325%. The physico properties of red rice bran oil were greenish brown colour, with a density ranged from 0.908 ± 0.014 to 0.922 ± 0.014 (g/mL), and the water content ranged from 0.87 ± 0.06 to 0.91 ± 0.02 %. The chemical properties of red rice bran oil were: the acid number ranged from 116.41 ± 1.22 to 118.11 ± 2.45 (mg NaOH/g); the saponification number ranged from 193.74 ± 21.88 to 199.62 ± 12.63 (mg KOH/g); and the peroxide number ranged from 24.37 ± 2.44 to 26.07 ± 4.88 (mgek/kg), respectively. Oils was analyzed used GC-MS. The chemical components of rice bran oil are oleic acid (46.24%), palmitic acid (18.25%), linoleic acid (13.29%), 9-octadecane (7.76%).Key Words: Red Rice Bran, Red Rice Bran Oil, Physico-Chemical Properties, GC-MS, ChemicalCompounds. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh rendemen optimal minyak bekatul beras merah, menentukan karakteristik fisiko kimiawi, dan komposisi kimiawinya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistik Nir Parametrik dengan uji Friedmann. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil ekstraksi optimal diperoleh pada nisbah bahan : pelarut sebesar 1 : 8 dengan hasil rendemen minyak sebesar 12,31 ± 0,325%. Sifat fisikawi hasil minyak bekatul beras merah adalah berwarna coklat kehijauan, dengan massa jenis berkisar 0,908 ± 0,014 -0,922 ± 0,014 (g/mL), dan kadar air berkisar 0,87 ± 0,06 -0,91 ± 0,02 %. Sedangkan sifat kimiawi hasil minyak bekatul beras merah adalah sebagai berikut: bilangan asam berkisar 116,41 ± 1,22 -118,11 ± 2,45 (mg NaOH/g); bilangan penyabunan berkisar 193,74 ± 21,88 -199,62 ± 12,63 (mg KOH/g); dan bilangan peroksida berkisar 24,37 ± 2,44 -26,07 ± 4,88 (mgek/kg). Minyak dianalisis dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Komponen kimiawi penyusun minyak bekatul adalah asam oleat (46,24%), asam palmitat (18,25%), asam linoleat (13,29%), 9-oktadekenal (7,76%).

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi biokeramik Hidroksiapatit (HAp) yang disintesa dari kerabang telur ayam kampung dan kerabang telur ayam broiler menggunakan FTIR. Selain itu juga menentukan aktivitas antibakteri HAp dengan kandungan kalsium dan fosfat tertinggi (HAp dari kerabang telur ayam broiler) menggunakan metode cakram kertas. Hasil karakterisasi HAp dari kerabang telur ayam kampung menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan puncak untuk gugus fungsi PO4 3-pada panjang gelombang 1040,08 cm -1 , 608,46 cm -1 dan 568,67 cm -1 ; gugus OH -pada panjang gelombang 3426,39 cm -1 dan 2880,46 cm -1 ; gugus CO2 pada panjang gelombang 2142,91 cm -1 ; dan gugus CO3 2-pada panjang gelombang 1653,64 cm -1 . Sedangkan untuk HAp dari kerabang telur ayam broiler adalah gugus PO4 3-pada panjang gelombang 1044,40 cm -1 , 604,13 cm -1 dan 568,66 cm -1 ; gugus OH -pada panjang gelombang 3419,61 cm -1 dan 2838,35 cm -1 ; gugus CO2 pada panjang gelombang 2086,69 cm -1 ; dan gugus CO3 2-pada panjang gelombang 1653,64 cm -1 . Antibakteri HAp terhadap bakteri karies L. acidophilus memberikan hasil yang positif baik pada dosis uji terendah (5μg/μL) maupun dosis uji tertinggi (75μg/μL), ditandai dengan terbentuknya daerah daya hambat sebesar 22,93±0,066 mm dan 33,08±0,031 mm (kategori kuat yaitu >20 mm). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hasil karakterisasi baik HAp dari kerabang telur ayam kampung maupun kerabang telur ayam broiler adalah benar senyawa HAp, dan hasil uji antibakteri dari HAp hasil sintesa kerabang telur ayam broiler menunjukkan daya antibakteri yang positif dan kuat. ABSTRACTThe purposes of this study were to characterize Hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics which synthesized from local chicken and broiler eggshell using FTIR, and to determine HAp antibacterial activity with the highest content of calcium-phosphate (HAp from broiler chicken eggshell) using paper disc method. Characterization of HAp from local chicken eggshell using FTIR showed peaks for PO4 3-functional group on the wavelength 1040.08, 608.46 and 568.67 cm -1 ; OH -functional group on the wavelength 3426.39 and 2880.46 cm -1 ; CO2 functional group on the wavelength 2142.91 cm -1 ; and CO3 2-functional group on the wavelength 1653.64 cm -1 . Whereas broiler chicken eggshell HAp showed peaks for PO4 3-functional group on the