No abstract

The increasing number of ships has an impact on increasing the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions produced by ships when operating. Analysis of IEA and ICCT shows the amount of emissions and consumption in 2007 to 2015 relatively increased. Ship exhaust emissions become one of the main sources of pollution of the marine environment. Pollutants originating from emissions of ships that have high CO, NOx, HC, SO2 and CO2, even sulphur pollutants can cause the risk of disruption of the human health system. Therefore monitoring technology is used by the user or operator to ensure that the ship operates efficiently. An integrated monitoring system is expected to report information such as fuel consumption, emissions and EEOI generated by the ship. The algorithm developed in this study uses the empirical formulation of the Holtrop Method (for basic resistance calculations) and the Stawave Method (for calculation of wind resistance, waves, draft changes and water properties) written in the PHP script programming. This programming is the basis of development at the interface of a program to bring up fuel monitoring data, EEOI and emissions in real time on each ship.

Jumlah populasi kendaraan yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan semakin meningkat. Salah satu alat transportasi yang paling dominan adalah sepeda motor. Sepeda motor menggunakan bahan bakar jenis bensin sebagai sumber energi untuk menggerakkan elemen mesin. Bahan bakar minyak jenis bensin di Indonesia terdiri dari beberapa produk seperti premium, pertalite, pertamax dan pertamax turbo. Bahan bakar bensin yang beredar di pasaran dapat dibedakan dari nilai RON pada masing-masing jenis bahan bakar. Namun, konsumen jarang sekali memperhatikan manfaat penggunaan nilai RON pada kendaraan dan dampak yang dihasilkan pada lingkungan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian tentang pengaruh RON terhadap emisi gas buang dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Uji emisi gas buang dilakukan dengan menggunakan gas analizer untuk mengetahui nilai HC, CO, CO2 dan O2. Pengujian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan putaran mesin (rpm). Hasil pengujian menghasilkan kadar HC terendah sebesar 43 ppm, CO terendah 0,31%, CO2 sebesar 18,8% pada putaran mesin 8.000 rpm sedangkan O2 tertinggi sebesar 21,03% pada putaran mesin 1.000 rpm dengan menggunakan pertamax turbo.

No abstract

Solar Power Plants are strongly influenced by the intensity of solar radiation received by the system. For the availability of sustainable use of electrical energy from solar power, hybridization is needed with Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) sources if Black Out occurs, the combination of the two electrical energy sources is known as the Hybrid Generator. Power plant hybridization is combining two or more power plants with different energy sources, to obtain synergies that provide economic and technical benefits (reliability of the supply system). Hybrid plants will have maximum use if accompanied by load control. Load control aims to efficiently regulate the use of electrical energy so that the generated electrical energy is balanced with the use of the load released so that the Hybrid Generator will not occur Black Out. Based on tests that have been carried out the intensity of sunlight affects the power produced by solar cells. The highest sunlight intensity when testing is during the day at 567 Lux with a voltage value of 21.22 V and current of 0.30 A, while the lowest sunlight intensity is at 17.00 with the intensity of sunlight 56 Lux with a voltage value of 5.5 V and current 0.15 A.