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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was converted into high-grade solid fuels (biochar) and gaseous product via thermal pyrolysis under pyrolytic gas atmosphere. The experiment was carried out in a packed-bed reactor at the temperature range of 600-800 °C in both atmospheres of N 2 and pyrolytic gas. Gas, liquid, and solid products were analyzed by gas chromatograph and elemental analysis. Amount of biochar obtained from both atmospheres were not significantly different. CH 4 and CO 2 in pyrolytic gas promoted the release of volatile in the MSW, resulting in lower ratio of VM/FC, ca. 0.13. The atomic ratios of O/C and H/C were around 0.02-0.11 and 0.005-0.035, respectively. These values were equivalent to anthracite coal type. On the other hand, the liquid fuel yield under pyrolytic gas condition was found to be higher, compared with that under N 2 condition. In addition, the enhancement of H 2 and CO production was accompanied by the decrease in CH 4 and CO 2 output. Overall, the operating condition at 800 °C or higher with reaction times longer than 4 min were recommended for production of biochar with fuel qualities approaching anthracite coal. Graphic abstractKeywords Municipal solid waste · Pyrolysis · Pyrolytic gas atmosphere · Biochar * Haryo Wibowo

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The purpose of this study is to conceptualize an urban Hi-Tech Cook-Stove (HTCS) design using agricultural waste. Several steps need to be carried out. First, determine the cooking activities depend on the family size and food categories. Second, calculate the energy required for cooking. Third, determine the mass of biomass fuel required. Fourth, calculate the fuel consumption rate. Fifth, design the dimensions of the stove by considering the ergonomics, easy in manufacturing, installation, etc. Sixth, estimate the volume of each component. The result shows that the fuel supply must adjust the flow rate of fuel, air to fuel ratio controlled by a simple mechanical-electric compressor, monitor the combustion chamber visually/automatically, and the dust must be collected/disposed of automatically/mechanically. HTCS must consider the pellets from the higher heating value and faster of biomass with a certain composition of chopped and fibre, also the safety and comfort, such as overheating control, air exhaust control, combustion control, cooling control. For the future, the HTCS technical design concept must be integrated with the electricity and hot water from solar energy by using a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector and urban biogas digester in the development of smart grids and smart cities.