Cancer is a set of diseases including abnormal growth of cells that can spread to another tissue. Verbascoside (or acteoside) is a naturally occurring, water-soluble secondary metabolite with significant biological properties, which is distributed widely in plant kingdom. Verbascoside is pharmacologically active compounds with many recent evidences that support its biological activities and safety. This review focuses on the recent studies that concerned with the antitumor activities of verbascoside alone and as a synergistic agent as well as nanoproduct. It also shows the latest advances in its antitumor effects, cytotoxic selectivity and its efficiencies in treating cancer, in vitro and/or vivo.

Plantago lanceoleta L. is one of medicinally important plant that officially registered in British pharmacopoeia. One of their well-known common name is ribwort, which is rich in many phytochemical compounds. The goal of this study is the qualitative evaluation of the Iraqi plant by identifying its chemical constituents. The plant was authenticated, collected, and immediately subjected to a stream of air under room temperature for rapid drying. Each part of the plant extracted separately with 50% ethanol and tested for presence of iridoid glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins. While the other part of phytochemical screening of Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. in this work is the chromatographic fingerprint analysis of n-hexane extract of the plant leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result obtained show that Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. is rich in iridoid glycosides and tannins in each part of the plant, while the chromatogram of GC-MS show that the Iraqi plant contains high amount of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, steroids, terpenoids and other constituents.

Objective: Plantago lanceoleta L. (ribwort plantain) is one of the important medicinal herbs which is widespread fortune available in Iraq, that have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to determine, isolate and identify verbascoside and aucubin in Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. by using different chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Methods: Verbascoside and aucubin were isolated and quantified by preparative TLC, and then they were determined by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Aucubin and catalpol in the plant extract were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); aucubin and verbascoside that isolated from the plant sample were examined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and LC-MS, respectively. Results: The result showed that the Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. contains 1.74 percent (verbascoside) and 0.24 percent (aucubin) of dry powdered leaves. Each TLC-isolated compound showed a single spot on the HPTLC plate, which give an idea about the purity of the isolated compound. Aucubin (with catalpol) and verbascoside both are detected by LC-MS in different ionization mode. Many functional groups were identified in the TLC-isolated aucubin by FT-IR. Conclusion: The Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. showed a high content of verbasoside, and it is a very rich source for this compound, which can be easily isolated by TLC and subjected to many pharmacological studies. The extract of the young leaves of this plant gave a little amount of aucubin, and it is easy to obtain a higher content from the older leaves.

Pharmacovigilance aims to preserve general health by identifying, evaluating, and minimizing health issues to ensure that the benefits of accessible treatments outweigh the potential risks. However, the retraction (withdrawal) of specific medications from global markets has increasingly focused on pharmacovigilance approaches, raised concerns about improvements to the current pharmacovigilance system, and highlighted the need to ensure uniformity among international guidelines governing the detailing of side effects ("Adverse Drug Reactions" - A.D.R.s). Concerns with the nature and safety of drugs as noted by medication guidelines. A sound medication policy is required to ensure the safety, viability, and nature of pharmaceuticals as well as the accuracy and applicability of the medication information made available to the general public. Medication guidelines cover a wide range of functions, including authorizing, reviewing manufacturing facilities and distribution channels, item evaluation and enrollment, observing adverse drug reactions (ADR), controlling medication advancement and publicizing, and controlling clinical medication preliminary studies.