Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 ) were produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under the effect of an external magnetic eld. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), eld emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the TiO 2 nanoparticles.The XRD analysis of titanium oxide nanoparticles revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were polycrystalline with mixed of tetragonal anatase and rutile TiO 2 . Scanning electron microscope shows the formation of spherical nanoparticles and the particles agglomeration decreases and the particle size from increases from 25nm to 35nm when the magnetic eld applied. The optical energy gap of TiO 2 nanoparticles decreased from 4.6eV to 3.4eV after using the magnetic eld during the ablation. Raman studies show the existence of ve vibration modes belong to TiO 2 . The antibacterial effect assay revealed a largest inhibition zone in S. aureus and E. coli, with a more potent effect for TiO 2 NPs prepared by magnetic eld when compared with that prepared without presence of magnetic eld.

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under the effect of an external magnetic field. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles. The XRD analysis of titanium oxide nanoparticles revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were polycrystalline with mixed of tetragonal anatase and rutile TiO2. Scanning electron microscope shows the formation of spherical nanoparticles and the particles agglomeration decreases and the particle size from increases from 25nm to 35nm when the magnetic field applied. The optical energy gap of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased from 4.6eV to 3.4eV after using the magnetic field during the ablation. Raman studies show the existence of five vibration modes belong to TiO2. The antibacterial effect assay revealed a largest inhibition zone in S. aureus and E. coli, with a more potent effect for TiO2 NPs prepared by magnetic field when compared with that prepared without presence of magnetic field.

Iron oxide and titania-based composite nanoparticles (NPs) populated with core-shell structures, as part of the mixture of the monometallic NPs, were prepared in water medium by the two-fluence LASER ablation technique by applying 30 and 60 mJ/cm2 LASER energy irradiations. The prepared monometallics, composite, and core-shell NPs structures were confirmed from the XRD, TEM, and EDX analyses, followed by the FE-SEM and UV absorptions. Optically, the NPs exhibited an increase in the energy gap from 3.27 eV to 3.75 eV as LASER fluence increased from 30 mJ/cm2 to 60 mJ/cm2. The average NPs core size distributions for the core-shell material ranged at ∼70 nm with the shell thickness around 20 nm. The biggest NPs were of ∼170 nm size which were sparsely distributed. The magnetization behaviors of the NPs were also investigated using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPs showed antimicrobial activities against the pathogenic species: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized NPs, synthesized under the influence of magnetic fields, were found to be more potent than the NPs synthesized without the presence of any magnetic field. The NPs prepared under the influence of the magnetic fields also comparatively exhibited higher levels of cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell lines (A549) than the NPs prepared under no magnetic field’s influence by the similar energy level effects of the LASER fluence. The flow cytometry analyses confirmed the NPs’ cytotoxic impacts against the human lung cancer A549 cell lines through the initiation of apoptosis and promotion of the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of cell division. To further confirm the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of the anticancer activity of the synthesized NPs against the A549 cell lines, several related parameters (cell viability, membrane permeability, nuclear intensity, and cytochrome-C release) were analyzed using the high-content screening (HCS) assay. The study suggested that the prepared NPs have potential as antimicrobial and also as anti-lung-cancer agents as tested in vitro. These NPs can also be part of combined chemotherapy in different oncological interventions, as well as a sonosensitizer in sonomagnetic heating-based therapy, especially for cancers.

In this work, we demonstrated the first study on the preparation and characterization of the populated Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 coreshell/Si photodetector by laser ablation in liquid. The structural and optical properties of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and Fe 3 O 4 @ TiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and UV-Vis absorption. X-ray diffraction findings suggest the formation of a populated crystalline Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core-shell through the existence of XRD peaks related to TiO 2 and Fe 3 O 4 . The optical properties revealed that the optical energy gap of Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 was 3 eV, while the optical energy gap of Fe 3 O 4 was 2.8 eV. Raman studies reveal the presence of vibration modes centered at 91 cm −1 (E g ), 144 cm −1 (E g ), 396 cm −1 (B 1g ), 512 cm −1 (B 1g ), 541 cm −1 (B 1g + A 1g ), and 609 cm −1 (E g ) which are belong to the TiO 2 . The vibration modes related to the magnetite Fe 3 O 4 are observed at 145 -1 (T 2g ), 302 cm −1 (T 2g ), and 554 cm −1 (T 1g ). Transmission electron microscope results suggest the presence of a core-shell morphology with an average size of 60 nm. The current-voltage characteristics of Fe 3 O 4 /p-Si and Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core-shell/p-Si photodetectors are measured in the dark and under illumination conditions. The maximum responsivity of the Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /Si photodetector was 0.5A/W at 400 nm, while the maximum responsivity of Fe 3 O 4 /p-Si photodetector was 0.4A/W at 500 nm. The specific detectivity and external quantum efficiency of the Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /p-Si photodetector are larger than those of Fe 3 O 4 /p-Si photodetector.

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under effect of an external magnetic field. The X-ray diffraction analysis of iron oxides nanoparticles showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline magnetite Fe3O4. The intensity of the x-ray peaks increased after applying the magnetic field. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed that the average grain size of the nanoparticles was decreased from 85nm to 45nm and the particles agglomeration has been decreased after applying the magnetic field. The energy gap increased after applying the magnetic field during the ablation process. Raman spectroscopy of the iron oxide nanoparticles showed formation of T1g and A1g modes.