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Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) provides a good assessment of atherogenic lipoproteins (very low, intermediate, and low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, and LDL)). There is evidence that polymorphism of ApoB100 was observed in many conditions and it links with obesity, diabetes mellitus hypertension, and chronic inflammation, which could be related to the broad field of the atherothrombotic process, and could be one of the leading causes of coronary artery disease (CAD). It can be computed using a formula that makes use of a measurement of non-high-density lipoprotein levels. This study aimed to derive an estimated equation of ApoB100 from the measured ApoB100 levels specific to the healthy subjects of Kurd race/ethnicity in the Kurdistan region of Iraq taking into consideration the gender-based effect and the status of fasting and postprandial effects. A total number of 45 healthy subjects (23 males and 22 females) were enrolled in the study. The following measurements were achieved: anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, including ApoB100, and blood sugar. The biochemical measurements were carried out at fasting and postprandial states. Specific equations were derived for calculating the levels of ApoB100. Significant differences in the anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile were observed between males and females. The calculated ApoB100 levels were significantly less than the measured ApoB100 levels in both genders and fasting and postprandial states. The estimated equations for ApoB100 for females have differed from that for males at fasting and postprandial states. The levels of ApoB100 can be determined instead of measuring it in the laboratory by using a specific equation for healthy Kurd people. These equations are gender and race/ethnicity based. The established equation of estimated ApoB100 levels in males differed from that in females which is attributed to the cardio-metabolic factors and higher levels of systolic and mean arterial blood pressures among males. Apo B level is a quantitative index of plasma atherogenic lipids in hypertensive patients who presented with dyslipidemia.

Hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy has a negative impact on the mother and infant’s health status. The main source of Vitamin D is sunshine and ultraviolet B for most humans and food sources are often inadequate. The present work has been carried out to demonstrate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the Sulaimaneyah City/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Serum samples were collected from 261 pregnant women who attended the Teaching Maternity Hospital and met inclusion criteria and were examined for 25-hydroxyvitamin D using the Roche Elecsys Vitamin D3 assay. Different information included, including sociodemography, body mass index, and obstetric history, was collected using a specific questionnaire form. The study showed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (71.3%) among pregnant women. High socioeconomic classes, blood group A-, and advanced gestational age have been significantly associated with higher Vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women in Sulaimani city. Because of the many risk factors of Vitamin D deficiency and a series of health consequences, the government needs to take a step to address the problem, including raising awareness among the community about the burden of the situation and how to increase obtaining optimum Vitamin D from different sources.

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