Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh factor iklim terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, dan  mempelajari fenologi masing-masing fase pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Pos Klimatologi Kendari BMKG Kecamatan Ranomeeto Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Lokasi penelitian berada pada pada posisi 040 03’ 20.6” LS dan 1220 26’ 56.8” BT pada ketinggian tempat 33 mdpl, berlangsung pada Bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2015. Percobaan lapangan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Faktor tunggal dengan perbedaan waktu tanam yang terdiri atas : J1=Waktu tanam pertama jagung; J2 = Waktu tanam kedua jagung yaitu 1 minggu setelah J1; J3 = Waktu tanam ketiga jagung yaitu 2 minggu setelah J1. Tiap perlakuan di ulang 4 kali (kelompok), sehingga didapatkan 12 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis ragam, uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor iklim berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung. Kondisi iklim waktu tanam II merupakan yang terbaik bagi tanaman jagung. Fenologi tanaman jagung dan kedelai dipengaruhi oleh akumulasi satuan panas (heat unit), dengan fase pertumbuhan jagung dari tanam hingga panen membutuhkan besaran nilai akumulai satuan panas berkisar 1.195,9  sampai 1.290,9  oC d.Keywords: Iklim, satuan panas, waktu tanam

The urban air temperature has gradually increased in almost all cities in the world, including Kendari City. This is indicated by the increase in building materials and reduced vegetation biomass in urban areas that have consequences of increasing surface temperatures and forming a micro-climate phenomenon called urban heat island (UHI). The aim of this study is to analyse of UHI intensity in Kendari region for the periods 2001-2014-2019, based on the distribution of land surface temperature (LST), which was analysed through thermal infrared (TIRS) and operational land imager (OLI) sensors onboard Landsat-7 and Landsat-8, each image has an atmospheric correction and brightness temperature. The results show the intensity of UHI during the 2001 to 2014 period increased by 2.44 °C, while in 2019 the intensity decreased by 2.27 °C from the previous period. These fluctuations are closely related to the land cover (LC) changes especially in built-up areas, vegetation, and bare soil as the effects of the urbanization process, and parameters of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

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The experiment was conducted consisting of three different sources of organic materials (plant bokashi: PB; soaked outershell coconut: SOC; and arbuscular mycorhiza: AM) using four treatments and four rates of organic materials including control. Maize was grown in mixed soil-organic materials in the polybags and observed at 14, 28, 42 and 72 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that the application of PB, AM and SOC significantly increased growth and yield of maize. Increasing the effects depend on the type of source and rate of organic material additions. PB had the greater effects than AM and SOC. The use of PB at 150 g polybag1 improved 53% plant height, 131% plant diameter and 92% leaf number at 14 DAP; and increased 47% cob length, 43% cob diameter and 78% of cob weight at 72 DAP. The application of organic materials improved organic C, total N, P- and K-availables. This experiment demonstrated that PB produced higher nutrients than AM and SOC. Thus, PB which originated from bokashi of 1:1 weight ratio of leaves of ‘gamal’ (Gliricidia sepium) and ‘komba-komba’ (Eupatorium odoratum) could be used as organic fertilizer for growth and yield of maize in an acid soil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variations of twelve chemical elements (Ni, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Al, Si, Zn, Ti, P, Ca and Cr) in laterite soil profiles from Wantulasi area in South East Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Eighty four (84) samples of three profiles (i.e. each profile consists of eight samples) had been used to study their variations in soil using  the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results analysis of the chemical elements content in three profile using XRF indicated that there were good correlationsbetween the chemical elements in the soil profile with the significant correlations were found in Ni and Fe, Ni and Si, Ti and P, Fe and Al, and Co and Mn, respectively. On the other hand,the results of study showed that the variations of the chemical elements could be related to the enrichment and translocation of the elements  in soil profile and also their possibilities to be related with a given chemical elements in soil profile. Therefore, we suggest that the observed patterns in chemical elements with a good correlation in laterite profile can be used as proxies to integrate the evaluation of the chemical and physical weathering process based on the elements characteristics in soil profiles.