This paper presented the improvement of the performance of the photovoltaic panels under Iraqi weather conditions. The biggest problem is the heat stored inside the PV cells during operation in summer season. A new design of an active cooling technique which consists of a small heat exchanger and water circulating pipes placed at the PV rear surface is implemented. Nanofluids (Zn-H2O) with five concentration ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%) are prepared and optimized. The experimental results showed that the increase in output power is achieved. It was found that, without any cooling, the measuring of the PV temperature was 76°C in 12 June 2016; therefore, the conversion efficiency does not exceed more than 5.5%. The photovoltaic/thermal system was operated under active water cooling technique. The temperature dropped from 76 to 70°C. This led to increase in the electrical efficiency of 6.5% at an optimum flow rate of 2 L/min, and the thermal efficiency was 60%. While using a nanofluid (Zn-H2O) optimum concentration ratio of 0.3% and a flow rate of 2 L/min, the temperature dropped more significantly to 58°C. This led to the increase in the electrical efficiency of 7.8%. The current innovative technique approved that the heat extracted from the PV cells contributed to the increase of the overall energy output.

Recently, the renewable energy resources have gained more attention in the electricity sector as promising technology to tackle the depletion in the traditional energy resources. Solar energy grows rapidly due to its vast applications. The performance of Photovoltaic (PV) system is affected by partial shading that results from building, clouds, and fallen leaves. This paper investigates theoretically and experimentally the impacts of various cases of partial shading; such as vertical string, horizontal string, and single cell at environmental conditions on the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of 88 W PV panel. In addition, diagonal shading with multi steps is considered in the analysis. The experiments are conducted with considering various parameters; such as shading position and ratio to validate the simulated results. The results show that at 100% shading condition, the maximum power drops by 99.36 %, 43.7%, and 41.15% for horizontal, cellular and vertical shading at the same solar radiation level comparing with their initial state value. Horizontal string shaded has the highest negative impact on the power and efficiency among other types of shadings. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental results reveals considerable agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.

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In industries, analysis and control of pressure and flow rate control is very difficult, this leads to factory closings and heavy maintenance through PLC and SCADA implementation. Automatic control plays an important role in the continuous operation of the system. In this project, the actual pump performance is tested in terms of pressure, efficiency, and flow rate of the pump for the operating system using a pipeline by crossing pressure in the pipeline with a length of 2 m by connecting pressure sensing equipment. The global control unit SIMATIC S7-1214 as the main decision-making unit that uses this data to make the required decisions. Thus the operation and stopping of the pump as it asks the details related to all other correct information to SCADA to monitor and control the parameters in the pipeline system of the oil pumping station. Then it performs continuous supervision of oil pump station pipeline in order to allow solving any problem and thereby regulating the control system in the structure consists of three layers. These include the first layer of field devices second remote terminal units, and third domain controllers. The signals are sent from the devices via the transmitters to the dedicated PLC boards in the second layer. The central level of SCADA contains a high-speed computer to supervise or operate the station remotely in order to display information through the LABVIEW screens that was showed the final results of pressure and flow rate by operating the system with a voltage rated by Plus With Modulation at a value of 2.73 V for both light and heavy crude oil. It was showed that the pressure value is 0.22bar and the value of the flow rate is 0.25 L/M for heavy oil. While the light is 0.23bar for pressure and the flow rate is 0.652L/M. In addition, to conducting several experiments that show that an increase in the value of the voltage obtained using heavy oil by a value of 3.77 V the pressure value becomes 0.35 bar the flow rate is at 4.78L/M, while light oil has shown the results are that the rated voltage value is 3.77 V, the pressure value is 0.33bar, and the flow rate value through the tube becomes 5.17 L/M. Thus, the greatest value of the voltage 3.77 V, The result when the flow rate through the pipeline increases rapidly, and the pressure decreases, the pipeline passes through the pipeline faster

The present research paper is on photovoltaic air conditioning system using the direct drive method. The experimental system setup arranged in Iraq at Al-taje site at longitude 44.34 and latitude 33.432 during the summer season inside a room. The proposed off-grid system consists of an array of photovoltaic, battery used to store power, PWM (pulse width modulation) charge controller, and DC air cooler. During the examination of the system, proven success of this new type(dc air conditioner ) of client urges Iraq warm conditions as an alternative type used instead of the prevailing types of air conditioners (AC air conditioner )in Iraq which consume large amounts of electrical energy and gets a cooling system for the room full working on solar energy.