Before commencing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, patients in the oncology group at the margins of reproductive age had a diminished ovarian reserve compared with the control group. This should be considered when planning optimal doses of follicular stimulating hormone as part of controlled ovarian-stimulation regimes performed for embryo or oocyte cryopreservation prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) harbors virulence factors responsible for bacterial adhesion and invasion. In addition, the bacterium is accountable for the occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections globally and is becoming problematic due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The current research investigated UPEC prevalence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). 200 urine specimens were taken from hospitalized pediatric patients who suffered from UTIs. E. coli was recovered from urine specimens using the microbial culture. Disc diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial resistance and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the virulence factors distribution amongst the UPEC bacteria. Seventy-five out of 250 (30.00%) urine samples were positive for the UPEC bacteria. The UPEC prevalence amongst pediatric patients was 25.83% and 33.84%, respectively. UPEC bacteria harbored the maximum resistance toward gentamicin (45.33%), ampicillin (44.00%), and ciprofloxacin (40.00%). Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (Cnf1) (53.33%) and pyelonephritis-associated pil (pap) (42.66%) were the most frequently identified virulence factors amongst the UPEC bacteria. The high prevalence of UPEC isolates harboring antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors suggest that diseases caused by them need more expansive healthcare monitoring with essential demand for novel antimicrobials.

Objective: This study was performed to detect the recurrence rate for two years after eradication therapy of peptic ulcer. Methods: Sixty-nine patients included in this study in Kirkuk city from January 2004 to January 2005 as 1st year follow up, and 49 patients from January 2005 to January 2006 as second year follow up study. A urea breath test and re-endoscopic examination were carried out to confirm peptic ulcer recurrence. A questionnaire was prepared to take the history of the disease and other relevant data of each patient. Results: The recurrence was occurred in 6 (8.7%) and 8 patients (16.33%) in the 1st and 2nd years after eradication therapy. Highly risk of recurrence was smoking, age below 50 y and stress in 1st year follow up, and stress was the highly risk in the 2nd year follow up. Conclusion: After triple and quadruple therapy of peptic ulcer, the recurrence is low, However, the possibility of H. pylori resistance should be considered.

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