This study aimed to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of lawsone isolated from henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis).  Methods: A total of 120 healthy adult mice (weighing about 25±5 g) were included in this study. Sixty mice out of the total were used to determine LD50, 30 mice to determine the anti-inflammatory test, and the remaining (30 mice) were used for an analgesic test. The hot plate was used to determine the analgesic effect, while the anti-inflammatory effect was determined by the ability of the compound to minimize the inflammation and edema caused by the injection of carrageenan.  Results: Lawsone was isolated from Lawsonia inermis. A Stuart SMP10 digital melting point apparatus was used for measuring all melting points. Infrared spectrometer FT-IR 400D was used for measuring/recording IR spectra (KBr) which the frequency of absorption was represented as cm−1. For 1H-NMR spectrum recording, a Bruk-spectrophotometer of 400 MHz was used with internal TMS standard, with deuterated Ś 2.51 ppm for acetone-d6, remained solvent signals as well as 13C.NMR was used. TLC was utilized as adsorbent, UV light, or iodine-completed visualization to verify compounds' purities. The LD50 of the oral lawsone was 96 mg/kg, and the highest dosage that did not kill any of the experimental animals was 80 mg/kg, which was used to investigate lawsone's analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Lawsone and aspirin possessed an analgesic effect compared to the control group (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively); however, lawsone induced a potent analgesic effect compared to aspirin (p<0.1). In contrast, Lawsone and aspirin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05) compared to the control group and were equipotent in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. Conclusion: It is concluded that lawsone possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which endorse the practical medical importance of Lawsonia inermis. The latter is widely used traditionally for these purposes own to its cost-effectiveness and safety; however, further studies are required to determine the systemic safety of lawsone

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) harbors virulence factors responsible for bacterial adhesion and invasion. In addition, the bacterium is accountable for the occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections globally and is becoming problematic due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The current research investigated UPEC prevalence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). 200 urine specimens were taken from hospitalized pediatric patients who suffered from UTIs. E. coli was recovered from urine specimens using the microbial culture. Disc diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial resistance and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the virulence factors distribution amongst the UPEC bacteria. Seventy-five out of 250 (30.00%) urine samples were positive for the UPEC bacteria. The UPEC prevalence amongst pediatric patients was 25.83% and 33.84%, respectively. UPEC bacteria harbored the maximum resistance toward gentamicin (45.33%), ampicillin (44.00%), and ciprofloxacin (40.00%). Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (Cnf1) (53.33%) and pyelonephritis-associated pil (pap) (42.66%) were the most frequently identified virulence factors amongst the UPEC bacteria. The high prevalence of UPEC isolates harboring antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors suggest that diseases caused by them need more expansive healthcare monitoring with essential demand for novel antimicrobials.

CRISPR is a powerful gene editing tool for correcting disease-causing mutations. It is becoming more and more evident that CRISPR is a promising approach to treating human genetic diseases. The technologies for adding or removing genes have made significant advances over the past few years and have shown promising potential outcomes. In the current study, we mainly introduce the CRISPR/Cas system and there are several applications in the treatment of genetic diseases, particularly during embryo development.

Communication is a fundamental part of scientific development and methodology. With the advancement of the internet and social networks, communication has become rapid and sometimes overwhelming, especially in science. It is important to provide scientists with useful, effective, and dynamic tools to establish and build a fluid communication framework that allows for scientific advancement. Therefore, in this article, we present advice and recommendations that can help promote and improve science communication while respecting an adequate balance in the degree of commitment toward collaborative work. We have developed 10 rules shown in increasing order of commitment that are grouped into 3 key categories: (1) speak (based on active participation); (2) join (based on joining scientific groups); and (3) assess (based on the analysis and retrospective consideration of the weaknesses and strengths). We include examples and resources that provide actionable strategies for involvement and engagement with science communication, from basic steps to more advanced, introspective, and long-term commitments. Overall, we aim to help spread science from within and encourage and engage scientists to become involved in science communication effectively and dynamically.