No abstract

This study suggests that care must be taken when additives are used to manufacture agglomerates as the type of additives even in low concentrations can have a big impact on the efficiency of the binder liquid in forming agglomerates thereby affecting the quality of agglomerates.

Ethosuximide (ETX) is a common antiepileptic drug in the first line of absence epilepsy. In this study, for the first time, an economical and efficient electro‐membrane (EME) method for determination of ETX in a complex biological matrix using HPLC‐UV has been developed. Factors affecting conventional EME were evaluated. 1‐Octanol was immobilized in a polypropylene membrane and a voltage of 35 V was applied between two platinum electrodes for 15 min. The pH of acceptor and donor phases for ionization of ETX was adjusted to 13 and 11, respectively. Under optimal microextraction conditions, the enrichment factor was 21.02 and the linear range of ETX was 0.25 to 8.00 μg/mL with an acceptable R2 ≥ 0.9986. Inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy of the suggested method were calculated with RSD < 9.5% and relative error <7.0%, respectively. The mean relative recovery of ETX in the human saliva and plasma samples was 81.68% and 74.47, respectively; while limit of detection and quantification concentrations were 0.08 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, to evaluate the application of the method, plasma and saliva samples of volunteers administering a single dose of ETX were analyzed successfully by EME‐HPLC‐UV method.

The development of selective and simple methods for the determination of different analytes is of great interest. This is the first time to show the applicability of graphene oxide-chitosan (GO-CS) nanocomposite for designing an electrochemical nanosensor for determination of Amlodipine, Valsartan, and Hydrochlorothiazide, simultaneously. Differential pulse voltammet-rics current of AML, HCT, and VAL increased linearly in the ranges of 0.1-110, 0.1-110, and 1-230 μM with LOD of 5.5 × 10 À 2 , 3.5 × 10 À 2 and 8.6 × 10 À 2 μM, respectively. Finally, GO-CS/GCE was used for the detection of these drugs in commercial tablets and compared with the reference method (HPLC).