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Introduction: Free radicals have been found to cause a number of problems and damage in the human body especially cardiovascular disorders and cancer. These radiation-based treatments may have some damaging effects on other normal body cells. So there is a need to explore some natural means which may contain antioxidants, which can trap the ROS produced within the living body. Methods: In this research, various medicinal plant samples were observed for free radical hunting or scavenging activity of their methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts by using the DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl, 2-picryl-hydrazyl) assay in-vitro by taking the absorbance reading at 517nm using a spectrophotometer, because of flavonoids and other polyphenol contents, the anti-oxidant activity was possessed by these traditionally used medicinal plants from Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Results: The results showed that all samples in ethanolic extracts showed a higher value of radical scavenging potential. The highest radical scavenging activity was observed in the Euphrasiae stricta (IC50= 38.972 ug/mL), Euphorbia platyphyllos L. (IC50= 40.817 ug/mL), and Epimedium brevicomum Maxim (IC50= 46.265 ug/mL), medicinal plants for both of their ethanolic and methanolic extracts as compared to the Ascorbic Acid scavenging activity (IC50=37.337 ug/ml). Conclusion: These Plants can be efficiently applied as an important antioxidant source for the treatment and inhibition of widely spread oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular & inflammatory disorders, atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes, asthma, and eyes related to degenerative diseases, etc.

Background Epstein-Barr virus is commonly known as human herpes virus 4; an oncovirus belonging to the herpes virus family. The pathogen is extremely ubiquitous and infects more than 90% of population once in a lifetime. Methods The current study has employed a computational pipeline to develop a multiepitope vaccine design by targeting the most antigenic glycoproteins of the virus. The proteins were separately processed to retrieve B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The most suitable epitopes were scrutinized to design the peptide vaccine using appropriate linkers and adjuvants. The designed chimeric vaccines were further analyzed for their molecular interactions with TLR-4 and CD21 receptor. Consequently, the structural motion of the docked complexes was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation approach followed by immune simulation. Results Our results showed promising outcomes in terms of vaccine antigenicity, population coverage and significantly lower free binding energies with potential receptors tested on 4 different docking platforms. Conclusion The conducted in silico study concludes that peptide vaccines could be a suitable alternative to traditional vaccinology approaches. Hence, our study will aid in the better formulation of vaccines in future by targeting the suitable drug or vaccine candidates.

Background: While the whole mankind is resurrecting from the recent Covid-19 pandemic, new cases of the monkeypox virus have been reported inflicting serious threats to the public health. Monkeypox is a newly emerging, zoonotic orthopoxvirus having similar symptoms as that of the smallpox. So far, no approved treatment and therapeutics are in line to fight the infection. Methodology: Therefore, in the present study, we have deployed a computational pipeline. We have retrieved the helper T-cell lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-cell and B-cell inducing epitopes by targeting the cell surface binding protein of the virus and further filtered the high-quality peptides based on their immunogenicity, antigenicity and allergenicity. After subsequent steps, we constructed and validated the tertiary structure of vaccine and analyzed its molecular interactions with toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) through molecular docking and the atomic movements and stability through molecular dynamics simulation approach. Moreover, C-IMMSIM server was used to evaluate the immune response triggering capacity of the chimeric vaccine through the immunoglobin profile. Conclusion: The conducted in silico study concludes that the surface protein of monkeypox virus is one of the major culprit antigens in mediating the disease. Hence, our study will aid in the better formulation of vaccines in future by targeting the suitable drug or vaccine candidates.