No abstract

No abstract

Hyperlipidemia is widely known to be the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Garlic on Leptin hormone and Lipid Profile in Triton x-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats compared with standard hypolipidemic Atorvastatin. A total number of 60 albino rats were allocated into six equal groups, 10 rats each. The first group was kept on Standard pellet diet (served as normal control), the second group was kept on 1% garlic added to standard pellet diet, the third group was administered with standard Atorvastatin 10 mg/kg p.o. daily (served as standard), the forth group was given a single dose of triton at a dose 100 mg/kg and repeated every two weeks, i.p. (served as Triton control), fifth and sixth groups were given a single dose of triton at a dose 100 mg/kg and repeated every two weeks, i.p. and the fifth group was given garlic 1% added to standard pellet diet while sixth group was administered with standard Atorvastatin 10 mg/kg Effect Of Garlic And Atorvastatin On Leptin And … Nabil M. Taha et., al.

Avian influenza viruses became widely distributed in most Middle Eastern countries, causing high mortality rate and severe economic losses in poultry industry especially when complicated with other pathogens. The continuous evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (HPAI-H5N1) has resulted in multiple diverse groups based on their haemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, samples from 40 broiler chicken farms during 2014-2017 were screened for HPAI-H5N1 Results showed that 15 flocks (37.5%) were positive for HPAI-H5 all of them non vaccinated. Furthermore, full sequencing of HA and NA gene for 3 isolates isolated during 2017 showed that the viruses were clustered with Egyptian viruses from clade 2.2.1.2 and closely related to viruses from neighboring countries.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a metabolic product of the Aspergillus spp. of molds, which grow on several feedstuffs stored in hot moist conditions. It is one of the immunosuppressive agents that might influence the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 in broilers, which can exacerbate the disease outcomes. The immunological, biochemical and pathological adverse health effects of an interaction between low levels of dietary aflatoxins (AFs) and H9N2 infection in broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred and eighty of unvaccinated 1-day-old COBB chicks were, therefore, raised for 35 days in the following treatment groups: control, AFs, AFs+H9N2, and H9N2. AFs in the basal diet was added at 200 ppb starting from the first day of age, while H9N2 virus was intra-nasally installed at a dose of 100 μl of 10 6 EID 50 /bird of allantois fluid at 23rd day. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated. Evidence of H9N2-AIV viral shedding was also detected. It has been observed that concurrent exposure of AFs and H9N2 virus negatively affected chicken performance traits i.e. lowered feed intake and body weights with exaggerated respiratory and digestive disturbances, and 20% mortality rate. Ten days' post H9N2 infection, significant (p≤ 0.05) increment in serum transaminases (AST and ALT) and falling in cell-mediated immunity i.e. total leukocyte count, lymphocyte transformation activity and macrophage phagocytic activity were detected. Additionally, AFs+H9N2 significantly (p≤ 0.05) lowered H9N2-HI titers (5.5 Log2) than H9N2 alone (6.3 Log2). Pathologically, aflatoxicated chickens showed hydropic degeneration, hepatocytic vacuolation and necrosis of liver tissues with nephrosis and urates deposition in ureters, as well as bursal and thymic lesions, which were potent in H9N2-inoculated chickens. AFs exposure increased the incidence and titer of H9N2 viral shedding. It could be concluded that dietary contamination with AFs even at very low levels has explanatory effect in H9N2-inoculated broilers, and vice versa. (0) no lesions; (1) mild lesions; (2) moderate lesions; (3) severe lesions and (4) very severe lesions http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 08/07/2020 07:18:50 |