Müdahalenin tanımı veya meşru müdahalenin kapsamıyla ilgili uluslararası hukukta görüş birliği mevcut değildir. Müdahale tanımı oldukça geniştir ve Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) uluslararası hukukla ilgili bilimsel çalışmalarda kapsamlı tartışmaların konusu olmuştur. Ukrayna, Avrupa Birliği (AB), Rusya ve Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi arasında stratejik açıdan oldukça önemli bir alanda yer almaktadır. AB ve NATO’nun doğuya doğru genişleme stratejisi sonucu Ukrayna’nın AB ve NATO’ya katılma arzusu Rusya için gerilime yol açan bir unsur olmuştur. Ukrayna devlet başkanı Yanukoviç’in 2013 yılında AB ile Ortaklık görüşmelerine katılmayacağını bildirmesi üzerine Kiev'de Bağımsızlık Meydanında başlayan gösteriler iç krize yol açmıştır. Rusya’nın Kırım’a müdahale etmesiyle bu iç kriz uluslararası bir boyuta ulaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda Ukrayna krizi, Rusya’nın uluslararası topluma ve uluslararası hukuka Soğuk Savaş sonrası çevresinde meydana gelebilecek değişikliklere yeniden meydan okuyacağını göstermiştir. Buradan hareketle çalışmada amaçlanan Rusya’nın Kırım’a müdahalesinin gerçekleşmesine yol açan unsurları incelemektir. Ayrıca, müdahalelerin etkinliğini, uluslararası hukuka uygunluğunu AB-NATO etkisini de göz önünde bulundurarak araştırmaktır. Rusya, Kırım’a müdahale etmesiyle Kırım’ın bağımsızlık referandumu sonrası Rusya’ya bağlanma gerekçelerini uluslararası toplum karşısında haklı çıkarmak için argümanlar sağlasa da mevcut uluslararası hukuk sistemi içerisinde etkin bir çözüm bulunmaması Rusya’nın müdahalesine zemin hazırlamıştır.

The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which was established by the countries of the region known as North Africa, also called as the Maghreb, to strengthen regional cooperation, draws attention as an organization that has lost its effectiveness today. This study examines the factors that affect the "failure" of the AMU. The discussions for the AMU to gain an active structure, which was established with the participation of Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and Libya in the late 1980s, have increased even more with the current political crisis in Libya. The idea of "a united Maghreb" was actually a political argument used to mobilize the people of the region against the colonial powers during their struggle for independence long before the establishment of the AMU. Many reasons can be put forward to explain why the leaders of the region, who used the idea of creating a "united Maghreb" in their discourses, did not show enough will to achieve this dream. This study uses a critical constructivist account of state identity and interest and argues that Maghreb states were not able to develop shared identities and interests. It argues that the creation of the AMU could not pave the way for regional cooperation because Maghreb states consider each other as rivals and articulated their interests on this conception.

This study examines the relationship between religion and nationalism through the independence movement in Tunisia during the French Protectorate. This work, which adopts an ethno-symbolic approach unlike primordia list and constructivist approaches that have emerged in these studies of nationalism, reveals that the leaders who lead the nationalist movement in Tunisia aim to establish a nation-state by using religious symbols. In this context, the study argues that the attitude of the nationalist movement on religion can be better understood in the light of the ideological and political struggles that are effective in the pre-independence period. Emphasizing that nationalist elites in Tunisia instrumentalize religious symbols to reach their goals, it is claimed that the ethno-symbolic approach offers a more comprehensive view than any other approach in the field of nationalism.

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Muslim countries have experienced great change and transformation during the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of their encounters with the West. Islamic reformism might be considered as a discourse developed to face the diverse challenges posed by Western modernity. Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi (1810–1890) was a statesman and intellectual of the 19th century who elaborated an original approach to the question of Islamic reformism. His major work, The Surest Path to Knowledge Concerning the Conditions of Countries (Aqwam al-Masalik fi Ma’rifat Ahwal al-Mamalik), represents an important contribution to debates on Islam, modernism and the West. This study is based on this work of al-Tunisi and other primary and secondary sources (books and articles) regarding his approach. Using qualitative methods of analysis (contextualization and descriptive discourse analysis), this study aimed to scrutinize how Khayr al-Din offered a balanced reformist vision as a synthesis between Westernism and the Islamic tradition. Rather than purely imitating the West, Khayr al-Din emphasized the need for a better understanding of Western methods and institutions on the basis of Islam.