Studies related to vestibular exercises in the management of diabetes were sparse. Hence, the present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercise on stress and cognitive parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 30 participants were recruited for the study. After recruiting, the participants were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups with a 1:1 distribution. The vestibular exercises comprise three sets of exercises of 45 minutes duration each session. Four sessions per week were administered to the participants. The exercises were standardized by earlier researchers. The same was adopted in the present study. There was a significant decrease in the depression, anxiety, and stress scores in the participants. Spatial memory was significantly increased followed by the intervention. There was a significant increase in the verbal memory also followed by intervention.The present study results show that practicing vestibular exercises along with the prescribed treatment helps to improve cognition and to reduce stress levels. The study recommends long-term studies with a higher sample size for a better understanding of the vestibular exercises and also recommends adopting these exercises in the treatment protocol.

Background: Hearing loss (HL) has negative impact on quality of life. The prevalence of HL increases with age. Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to explore the possible association of hypertension with age-related sensorineural HL (SNHL) in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the ENT Department of Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam. Consecutive sampling method used. Sample size was considered using the formula – 4pq/l2 and 137 subjects from age group 60–75 years were included in the study. Hypertension was verified through a mercury sphygmomanometer and by a systematized questionnaire about hypertension and the use of medication for blood pressure. The hearing was assessed through threshold audiometric and audiological assessment. The study period: 4 months. All patients from the ENT department in the age group 60–75 years and who gave written informed consent were involved in the study. Participants with a history of ear surgery performed in the past, exposure to loud sounds, recently use of ototoxic drugs, patients with hearing aids, and ear diseases were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 137 subjects 52% had hypertension and 48% had no hypertension. Grade 1 hypertensives suffered from mild HL (7.9%), moderate HL (73%), severe HL (11%), and profound HL (7.9%). In Grade 2, hypertensives suffered from moderate HL (11%), severe HL (33.3%), and profound HL (55.5%). The P-value calculated by the Chi-square method was found to be <0.05 and an odds ratio of more than 1, showing a significant association between hypertension and an increase in HL. Moreover, also a statistically positive correlation of MAP and duration of hypertension with age-related SNHL in both ears. Conclusion: HL in the population under study suggested that hypertension is an accelerating factor of degeneration of the hearing apparatus along with age-related SNHL. Hypertension and ageing were significantly associated with the risk of HL. Patients with hypertension have a greater increase in hearing threshold as compared to those without hypertension.

Background: There exist different types of anemia and the most common of all is nutrition deficient anemia in children. This can be treated by administering an adequate amount of nutrition to the children. Hence, the early diagnosis of the anemia is highly essential to start the management at the earliest. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate anemia in school children of the age group of 3 to 6 years. Materials and methods: A total number of 100 cases of Anemia were included in the study. The age group of participants is 3-6 years (preschool children). They were recruited from the pediatric out patient department of Great eastern medical school and hospital, Srikakulam, and were admitted for evaluation of Anemia. The study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019. The participants with a hemoglobin value of less than 11 percent were selected for the study. Permission was obtained from the parents and also school authorities to conduct the study. The children with severe complications were excluded from the study.