A cross-sectional investigation was made into the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels in three arid and semi-arid camel-rearing regions of Ethiopia (Afar, Somali and Borena) between November 2000 and April 2001. When sera collected from 1442 accessible camels were screened with the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). 82 (5.7%) of them reacted. The results of a complement fixation test (CFT) on those sera that had given a positive reaction to the screening test then indicated a 4.2% prevalence of brucellosis in the tested camels. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of brucellosis (chi2 = 7.91, p < 0.05), which was highest in Afar (5.2%) followed by Somali (2.8%) and Borena (1.2%) regions. Camels in Afar had a four times higher risk of brucellosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.34 (confidence interval, CI = 1.76-10.72, p < 0.001) compared to the risk in Borena. Likewise, Afar had higher risk (OR = 1.76, 1.13-2.74, p < 0.05) than that in Somali. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between the sexes (p > 0.05). Although a higher prevalence (6.3%) was observed in camels over 3 years old in Afar, there was no significant overall age difference (p > 0.05).

Background: Tuberculosis is one of a major public health problem throughout the world. About 9.6 million people were estimated to have Tuberculosis in 2014. Out of this, 480 000 cases were multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. Thus, it has to be identified, focused and prioritized for subsequent and targeted interventions. Therefore, the aim this study was to assess the prevalence and factors affecting adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Method: Institution based retrospective cross sectional study design was included all patients with Multi Drug Resistant who were registered and treated from 9 January 2020 to 30 March 2020. Data abstraction form was used to obtain patient information from their cards. Data were collected by trained nurses who have been working at multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis treatment service. Data were entered, cleaned and checked using Epi Data version 4.6 statistical software and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results were presented as Odds Ratio with 95% CI. Result: A total of 286 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of adverse drug reaction in this study were 169 (59.1%). Factors such as Treatment outcome and comorbidity were significantly associated with adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was high prevalence of adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Comorbidity and treatment outcome were the independent determinants. Patients who are identified with adverse drug events need special attention enhanced clinical management.