<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Inappropriate use of medicines becomes a common global problem. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Bole health center, using some of the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practices at the health center. A sample of 720 prescriptions was selected by using stratified random sampling method from 11,040 prescriptions written for the 5 month period from August 1- December 30, 2016. Data were collected from prescription papers filed in the pharmacy. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.03. The percentage of encounters in which antibiotics prescribed was 67.36%. The proportion of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 98.14% and 99.25%, respectively</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The prescribing practice for antibiotic and average number of medicines per prescription shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Great emphasis should be given to restrict inappropriate use of antibiotics. </span></p>

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Introduction: Community-based management of acute malnutrition is implementing in Ethiopia. But there is scarce information in our study set up regarding the time to recovery and its predictors of SAM among 6-59 months children, so this study aimed to assess the time to recovery and its predictors of uncomplicated SAM among 6-59children managed at the OTP in north Shewa zone, Ethiopia.Methods: A health post-based prospective follow-up study had conducted on 6-59months children from November 20/2020 – February 20/2021. A total of 423 children had included in the study. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire had used. The median time to recovery had calculated using the Kaplan Meier (KM) curve. The predictors of time to recovery were determined using both bi-variable and multi-variable Cox regression models with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, the variable that had a p-value < 0.05 in the multi-variable analysis was declared as the predictors of time to recovery. Proportional hazard assumption was checked graphically and using Schoenfeld residual test.Result: From the total 423 Children, 327 (77.3%) recovered. The median time to recovery was 42 + IQR of 14 days. Children from food secure households; AHR= 9.6 with 95% CI (8.1-18.5), mild food insecure; AHR= 6.5 with 95% CI (3.1, 13.8), moderate food insecure; AHR= 2.5 with 95% CI (1.2-5.3). Mothers who traveled less than 2 hours walking distance to the health post; AHR=2.6 with 95% CI (1.8-18.7). Children who received the correct dose of the RUTF AHR=1.6 with 95% CI (1.1-2.3), children who measured their weight weekly AHR= 1.5 with 95% CI (1.1-2.0), and children treated by health extension worker who took the Nutrition-related training AHR= 2.1 with 95% CI (1.0-4.5) were predictors of time to recovery. Conclusion and recommendation: The median time to recovery was within the acceptable range of the Ethiopian protocol for the management of uncomplicated SAM in the Outpatient setup. Household food security status, the distance between home and health posts, the correct dose of RUTF, weekly weight measurement per protocol, and HEWs nutrition-related training status were the significant predictors of time to recovery. It is advisable to improve the household food security status, and the Health extension worker's (HEWs) nutrition-related training.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of a major public health problem throughout the world. About 9.6 million people were estimated to have Tuberculosis in 2014. Out of this, 480 000 cases were multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. Thus, it has to be identified, focused and prioritized for subsequent and targeted interventions. Therefore, the aim this study was to assess the prevalence and factors affecting adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Method: Institution based retrospective cross sectional study design was included all patients with Multi Drug Resistant who were registered and treated from 9 January 2020 to 30 March 2020. Data abstraction form was used to obtain patient information from their cards. Data were collected by trained nurses who have been working at multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis treatment service. Data were entered, cleaned and checked using Epi Data version 4.6 statistical software and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results were presented as Odds Ratio with 95% CI. Result: A total of 286 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of adverse drug reaction in this study were 169 (59.1%). Factors such as Treatment outcome and comorbidity were significantly associated with adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was high prevalence of adverse drug reaction among multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis patients. Comorbidity and treatment outcome were the independent determinants. Patients who are identified with adverse drug events need special attention enhanced clinical management.