The adsorption of doxycycline hyclate on the low-cost adsorbent cobalt oxide was carried out, in a thermostated shaker at three different temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C), and studied other parameters were effected on the adsorption process including initial concentration, a weight of cobalt oxide and effect of pH. The high value of coefficient of determination of 0.985 and low value for Chi-square test of 0.346 for Langmuir linear equation at the temperature of 40 °C are referred to a good accuracy and agreement for the method. Also it was observed that the Freundlich linear equation showed the high value of coefficient of determination of 0.914 and low value of Chi-square test of 0.679 at the same temperature, and it can be realized that the Freundlich linear isotherm provided better agreement with the Langmuir linear isotherm at the temperature of 40 °C. Moreover, the negative values of the Gibbs free energy and the positive value of the enthalpy indicated spontaneity and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.

T HE batch adsorption of doxycycline from aqueous solution using aluminum oxide under different experimental conditions was investigated in this study. The effect of initial concentration, sample volume, contact time and pH have been reported. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of doxycycline on the adsorbents was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, Fractional power and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were utilized to the adsorption data in respect of investigating the kinetic process; kinetic data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model validated by normalized standard deviation (NSD), average relative error (ARE) and chi-square test (Chi-X2). The result suggested that the intra particle diffusion was one of the rate-limiting steps.

Metal oxides are widely used in adsorption technology as adsorbent surfaces because of their efficiency, low cost and unique physical properties. The aim of this review to clarify the role of aluminium oxide and Nano aluminium oxide in removing some chemicals contain that influence on human health such as dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals. This paper also includes the affective of some adsorption parameters like pH, contact time, removal percentageand temperature. The Adsorption nature, kinetic adsorption models and isotherm models are also reported here.

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"Over the past years, a large number of statistical expressions used as a measure of accuracy, collectively referred to as error functions. These functions use to determine the best fitting data. Since accurate adsorption equilibrium information are necessary for the analysis and design of adsorption, error functions are used to valuation the validity of the adsorption mathematical models with experimental results by finding the most appropriate isotherm. Therefore, this overall review provides a definition of a number of common error function and explains the use of these functions in determine optimal adsorption data and chose the right isotherm.