Serum IgG, IgM and IgA were determined in 25 patients with homozygous beta thalassemia and 7 with the trait. The levels were increased in homozygous patients and increased further after splenectomy. Serum opsonic activity against Salmonella typhi and staphylococci was impaired in homozygous patients. Splenectomy caused more impairment against salmonella only. Similarly, phagocytic power against both organisms was lower in beta thalassemia. Further decrease against salmonella occurred after splenectomy. Patients with thalassemia trait did not differ from normal controls.

Aphrodisiacs in recent years have become popular with the increased prevalence of sexual problems worldwide. Aim: Determine the prevalence of aphrodisiac drugs consumption and its associated factors among the married men. Design: cross sectional design was used. Setting: Beni-Suef city. Sample: convenient sample to select 380 subjects. Tools of data collection: two tools were used; the first was a questionnaire composed of 6 parts to assess socio-demographic data, medical history, and pattern of aphrodisiac use, knowledge regarding aphrodisiac drugs, life style and erectile dysfunction, the second tool was the perceived stress scale. Results: the data revealed that 38.2% of the studied sample reported using the aphrodisiac drugs and 85.5% of them used the aphrodisiac drugs without doctor order. The data added that 45.2% have high perceived stress, 24.2 % had mild erectile dysfunction, 49.7% had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and 42.1% reported unhealthy life style. The consumption of aphrodisiac drugs was significantly associated with age, educational level, having multiple wives, level of erectile dysfunction, levels of perceived stress, level of knowledge and life style of the studied sample where P is <0.05. Conclusion: Results of the study concluded that 38.2% of the participants reported using the aphrodisiac drugs and was influenced by the socio-demographic data, level of erectile dysfunction, levels of perceived stress, level of knowledge and life style of the studied sample. Recommendation: Health education programs to improve the population awareness about sexual health and the negative consequences of selfprescribing aphrodisiac drugs.

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Background: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a great challenge to control the current pandemic. Aim: Study aims to study COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy; establishing a base line to accelerate vaccine uptake and restore normal life in Beni-Suef City. Subjects and method: Design: Cross-sectional design was used. Setting: The current study was performed in Beni-Suef city. Subjects: A convenient sample consists of 800 participants was chosen. Tools: The first was structured interview composed of 6 parts o assess, personal data, medical history, barriers, suggestions, willing to take the vaccine and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine. The second was attitude scale used to assess the attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Results: The data showed that friends were the main source of information for 38.7% of the studied sample while health team was the main source for only 8.7% of the studied sample. Only 31% have satisfactory knowledge, 67% have negative attitude regarding the vaccines. 73.1% not willing to take the vaccine. Conclusion:The current study concluded that the total level of knowledge, attitude and willing to take the vaccine is low among the studied sample. Additionally the total level of knowledge, total level of attitude, medical history of chronic diseases age, education and residence were significantly associated with the willing of studied sample to take the vaccine. Recommendations: Nursing staff and health team members should be involved in health education programs via mass media and via personal communications. Further studies aimed at improving population awareness and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy recognized as a major challenge to the effectiveness of public health strategy aimed at eradicating infectious disease. The current study aimed to assess the effect of the nursing educational intervention to control COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school team members. Design: Quasi experimental design was used (prepost educational intervention). Subjects and method: Setting: The study was implemented in Beni-suef city and Benha city, Egypt. Subjects: Simple random sample was used to select one school from each city then all participants were included according to the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 50 participants. Tools of data collection: two tools were used; Tool (1) was an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts; the first part was personal data questionnaire to assess personal data of the participants, part two was knowledge questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine and included 9 items. Tool (2) Scale composed of two parts: the first part was attitude scale to assess the attitude of participants towards the vaccine. The second part was willing scale to assess the willing of participants to take the vaccine. Results: The results indicated that; there were significant improvements regarding total level of knowledge and attitude of studied sample post the educational intervention and the average of their willing toward the COVID-19 vaccination improved significantly from 6.4±1.1 to 8.9±.8 post the intervention. Conclusion: the willing to take the vaccine of the studied sample improved post the educational intervention.Recommendations: further studies needed to increase people awareness regarding COVID-19 vaccination to build and maintain public trust in COVID-19 vaccines.