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[1] We have studied the magnetic island coalescence process in an open system with two-fluid simulations including electron inertial effects. We have found that the two X-lines at the lateral-edges of a perturbed current sheet possess the intrinsic advantage to dominate and to create an inflating magnetic island between them. While this state will eventually be taken over by the well-known single X-line structure, the double X-line state can be extended in time and is expected commonly in maturing stages of reconnection regions. Citation: Nakamura, T. K. M., M. Fujimoto, and H. Sekiya (2010), Interaction of multiple magnetic islands in a long current sheet: Two-fluid simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02103,

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The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 mA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.