Background: Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) has shown to be a safe and effective treatment option for symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients who are at prohibitive surgical risk. Whether age and comorbidities impact the inpatient safety outcomes of TMVR versus surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR) is unknown.Methods: Using the national inpatient sample, patients undergoing either elective TMVR or SMVR between 2012 and 2015 were analyzed. Logistic, generalized logistic, and linear regression were used to compare inpatient complications, discharge disposition, and length of stay (LOS). Heterogeneity in the effect of TMVR versus SMVR across Charlson comorbidity index (CCI, categorized as <2 and ≥2) and age (categorized as <75 years old and ≥75 years old) were assessed for effect modification.Results: Overall, 8,716 hospitalizations were included, 7,950 (91%) SMVR and 766 (9%) TMVR. Compared with SMVR, patients undergoing TMVR were older (median age 79 vs. 62 years) and more likely to be female (45% vs. 40%) with a higher CCI score (median CCI 2 vs. 1). Despite being older with a higher comorbidity burden, patients undergoing TMVR had a lower incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.50), cerebrovascular accidents (OR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.92), and major bleeding (OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.47). TMVR patients were also discharged 3 days earlier (CIE −3.26; 95% CI: −3.72, −2.80) and were less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55, 0.93). Additionally, the relative reduction in complications after TMVR versus SMVR was significantly higher in older (age ≥75 years) and more comorbid (CCI ≥2) patients (p for interaction <.05 for both). Conclusion:Patients treated with TMVR, as compared with SMVR, were older and had more comorbidities, but had a lower incidence of inpatient complications, shorter Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; LOS, length of stay; MR, mitral regurgitation; NIS, national inpatient sample; PPM, permanent pacemaker implantation; SMVR, surgical mitral valve repair; TMVR, transcatheter mitral valve repair.Hanumantha R. Jogu and Sameer Arora have contributed equally to this article.

Objective To present a large registry data assessing the association between myocarditis and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients and Methods The researchers identified adult patients aged 18-90 years with COVID-19 diagnosis in the TriNetX (COVID-19 research network) database between January 20, 2020, and December 9, 2020. These patients were then divided into those who had a positive myocarditis diagnosis and those who did not. The researchers compared all-cause mortality between propensity-matched (PSM) pairs of patients in both groups. Results Total of 259,352 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the study. Of those patients, 383 (0.01%) had myocarditis diagnosis, while 258,969 (99.9%) did not have myocarditis diagnosis during their hospital stay. Patients were more male in the myocarditis group (58.75% vs. 44.73%, P < 0.001). As to the PSM cohorts, 383/383 were matched, and the all-cause mortality was 13.4 % vs. 4.2% ( P < 0.001) at 30 days. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also statistically significant ( P < 0.001) at 30 days. Conclusion In a large multinational database of COVID-19 patients, we observed an association between myocarditis diagnosis and increased mortality. Further prospective studies are recommended to further assess myocarditis outcomes in COVID-19 patients and treatment options.

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Background: To study the impact of type of atrial fibrillation on outcomes following transcatheter mitral valve repair. The development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) can be a sign of progression of MR and associated with adverse outcomes. However, the impact of type of AF in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve (MV) repair remains uncertain.Methods: Patients 18 years or older who underwent TMVR procedure in 2016 and had a concurrent ICD-10 diagnosis of either paroxysmal or non-paroxysmal AF were included from Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD). The association between type of AF and mortality, stroke, readmission (cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular readmissions) and composite outcome (mortality, inpatient stroke or 30-day readmissions) was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software 9.4 was used to conduct the analysis.Results: A total of 913 (weighted N=1,750) TMVR hospitalizations from NRD for year 2016 were included. Of these, 510 (weighted N=995) patients had non-paroxysmal AF and 403 (weighted N=755) had paroxysmal AF. Patients with non-paroxysmal AF were older than paroxysmal AF (82.53 vs. 81.27; P=0.0004).As compared to paroxysmal AF, those with non-paroxysmal AF had comparable odds of composite outcome of stroke, readmission, or mortality (OR 1.31; 95% CI: 0.77-2.23), as well as stroke (OR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.10-1.78), or mortality (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.21-1.37), in patients undergoing TMVR. Similarly, no differences were noted in the odds of cardiac readmissions (OR 1.38; 95 % CI: 0.83-2.28), non-cardiac readmissions (OR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.49-1.32) and discharge to skilled nursing/short term care (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.66-2.36) in those with non-paroxysmal vs. paroxysmal AF.Conclusions: Inpatient outcomes and readmissions were similar in patient with paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation in this study. Future studies exploring the effect of type of atrial fibrillation on long term outcomes are needed.