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Dissipation behavior and hazard assessment of the fungicide fenhexamid applied to grapes were investigated under climatic conditions in Egypt. Fenhexamid residues were extracted from grape samples with ethyl acetate. The extract was cleaned up by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, and determined by gas chromatographic method (GC-mECD). The average recoveries ranged between 94.2% and 99.4% with associated relative standard deviation not exceeding 12%. The estimated limit of quantification for fenhexamid was 0.1 mg/kg. The field results showed that fenhexamid dissipated rapidly from grapes and had a half-life of approximately 4.21 days. Hazard assessment was evaluated by using the hazard quotient (HQ). Data showed that the HQ value was significantly less than HQ D 1. Results indicate that hazard of fenhexamid use in grape even at 1.5-fold higher than recommended dosage was negligible to humans. This study could provide guidance for safe and reasonable use of fenhexamid in grapes and prevent health problems to consumers. However, further hazard assessment studies are needed to ascertain the hazard of fenhexamid residues on grape to vulnerable groups, including children, pregnant women, and elderly consumers.

The performance and suitability of different substrates for the soilless culture of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv.Bringy) were studied over a two growing seasons under greenhouse condition employing five different substrates [V:V, 3treated rice husk by composting (TRH): 1 biochar(B) derived from pyrolysis of rice husk, 3 TRH: 1 coir dust (CD), 3TRH: 1 Hundzsoil (HS), 3TRH: 1 fine sand and TRH only]. The results showed that there were significantly differences in fruit yield and growth parameters between the substrates. Media containing 3TRH: 1B led to a significant increase in fruit yield and most of physiochemical characteristics and growth parameters of cucumber plant as compared with the other growth media. It was concluded that the medium containing treated rice husk and Biochar had the best performance for cucumber plant growth as a local growing media due to the superior of its physiochemical characteristics while keeping stability to continue the growth and fruit production for a long season.