Purpose This study aims to discuss the challenges in implementing halal warehouse in the air cargo context along with the standard handling process for the storage of halal product for import and export purposes. This is vital to ensure that halal products do not get contaminated and should comply to halal logistics standard throughout the supply chain process. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study adopts single case study to better understand the definition of halal warehouse, the challenges in implementing halal warehouse and also the standard handling process for the storage at the warehouse for import and export purposes. A well-guided case study protocol is followed. Findings Five categories have found to be the main challenges in implementing halal warehouse. They are coded as halal product trade, halal asset and facility, halal standard of procedure, human factor and perspectives between logistics provider and halal agencies. With regard to standard handling process for import and export purposes in airgo context with compliance to Shariah at the halal warehouse, there are seven main steps involved for import and nine steps involved for export. Research limitations/implications As this paper is among the pioneer study that looks into halal warehouse implementation, it has some limitations. Further empirical study in a bigger context may be performed quantitatively, and multiple case study approach may also be adopted to get deeper insight in understanding halal warehouse implementation domain of study. Practical implications This study contributes to the understanding on the gap in the field with adhering or complying with the practice. It will provide input to the authority in understanding the current limitation and suggestion by the practicing companies. Social implications Halal requirement in non-Muslim countries are not very well implemented and understood, whereby the understanding of the concept of Halalal Toyyiban throughout the supply chain process is critical. The main aim of halal logistics is to avoid cross contamination between halal and non-halal product during the transport, at the storage in warehouse and also in handling. This study contributes to the understanding of halal warehouse implementation. Originality/value There is a critical dearth of academic study that focuses on halal logistics specifically in transport and warehouse. This empirical case study provides basic understanding of implementing halal warehouse and presents the challenges and also required guidelines in handling halal product at the warehouse for both import and export purposes.

This paper deals with the need of introducing biofuels for the use of the civil aviation sector, and the different possibilities of application of incentive mechanisms if the existing market conditions do not allow their direct commercialisation. After an introduction on the main features of the civil aviation impact on climate change, a historical review of the European Union regulations to promote the energy extraction from biological resources is presented. The different incentive policies around the world are revised and compared and some indications are offered on the most recommendable procedures that might be carried out in the near future.

The global aviation industry is facing complex and unpredictable market conditions with fluctuating oil prices and the adverse environmental impact of aircraft operations. Since the regulatory approval for biofuels, the first biojet fuel flight test in 2007, using a blend fuel, was a remarkable step towards having more test and schedule flights up to the year of 2014. The purpose of this paper is to engage this new alternative energy with the issues that airlines associate with sustainability, mainly focusing on aircraft operations and profitability. The key findings suggest that the uses of alternative energy need to be in parallel to the reliability and maintainability of the aircraft system, so that the adoption of biofuels can be effective.

This paper will discuss on issues of using alternative fuel (bio jet fuel) for 50% mixing or replacing current Jet A/ Jet A-1 fuel in relationship towards aircraft fuel systems. Two key issues aviation biofuel; Technical Risk and Quality Risk will be evaluated. Technical risk, such as storage stability for biological growth, thermal stability in relation to fuel system components coking, the outcomes from combustion properties and material compatibility to the engine system and discussions on the level of the trace of contamination like metals or micronutrients. In quality risk, the issues need to be measured: the inconsistency of the products such as the source dependencies, robustness control and fragmented enterprise. These two issues need to be measured in order to create a clear pathway for Air Transport in sustainable manner, where further research towards reliability and sustainability for future aircraft performance and maintenance can be correlated. IntroductionAviation contributions to climate change as (IPCC 1996) represented 3.5% of the total anthropogenic RF in the year of 1992. According to [1] it will be projected to increase to 5% for a mid-range emission scenario by 2050.As the discussion on overall transportation sector, it is a crucial and growing distribution of world energy use and emissions of GHG's.[2] In 2000, top three energy use can be seen in Table 1. (IEA, 2006.) [3]