SYNOPSISInfrared spectroscopy was used to study the interpolymer complexation of poly(acry1ic acid) with polyacrylamide. The spectrum of the interpolymer complex showed characteristic absorption bands which are different from those of the spectra of the individual components, particularly in the 0-H and N-H stretching vibration regions. The effects of ionic strength and poly(acry1ic acid) weight fractions on the spectral features of the complex were investigated. It was found that hydrogen bonding is the primary mechanism of interaction between the two polymers.

Samples of polyacrylamide (PAAm), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and their complex were ␥-irradiated at different doses, namely 48, 96, and 144 KGy. The examination of the infrared spectra of these samples showed that there are no significant observable changes in their spectral features apart from slight changes in the intensities of the absorption bands. The analysis of the absorbances ratios (A 1700 cm Ϫ1 /A 1450 cm Ϫ1 ) and (A 1650 cm Ϫ1 /A 1450 cm Ϫ1 ), denoted as R 1 and R 2 , respectively, showed that these ratios depend on ␥-doses. It was found that in the case of PAA, R 1 assumed linear increase with increasing the dose to 96 KGy and then showed marked decrease. For the complex, R 1 increased slightly by increasing the dose to 96 KGy and then decreased. For PAAm, although irradiation with 48 KGy increases the values of R 2 , irradiation with 96 and 144 KGy decreases its value. On the other hand, for the complex, R 2 suggested slight decrease on irradiation with 48 KGy followed by continued increases with increasing the dose up to 144 KGy. The increase in R 1 and R 2 may be due to crosslinking as a result of the formation of free radicals. The decrease in these ratios after irradiation with 96 KGy may be due to degradation. It was concluded that ␥-irradiation has a lower effect on the complex (i.e., the complex has a structure which is different from those of PAA and PAAm).

Abstract-This paper, presents a new Speed Detection Camera System (SDCS) that is applicable as a radar alternative. SDCS uses several image processing techniques on video stream in online -captured from single camera-or offline mode, which makes SDCS capable of calculating the speed of moving objects avoiding the traditional radars' problems. SDCS offers an en-expensive alternative to traditional radars with the same accuracy or even better. SDCS processes can be divided into four successive phases; first phase is Objects detection phase. Which uses a hybrid algorithm based on combining an adaptive background subtraction technique with a three-frame differencing algorithm which ratifies the major drawback of using only adaptive background subtraction? The second phase is Objects tracking, which consists of three successive operations, Object segmentation, Object labelling, and Object canter extraction. Objects tracking operation takes into consideration the different possible scenarios of the moving object like; Simple tracking, object has left the scene, object has entered the scene, object cross by another object, and object leaves and another one enters the scene. Third phase is speed calculation phase, which is calculated from the number of frames consumed by the object to pass-by the scene. The final phase is Capturing Object's Picture phase, which captures the image of objects that violate the speed limits. SDCS is implemented and tested in many experiments; it proved to have achieved a satisfactory performance.

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