During present study, 30 samples of drinking water from five different sources of drilled well from Kifry city have been collected and investigated for the levels of their physiochemical and Microbiological Coliform. Chemical tests were performed include tests of some soluble inorganic ions, such as chloride (Cl1-) and calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+). While the conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), and turbidity tests belong to the physical tests. The results of chemical and physical test demonstrate the water of drilled wells in study area is possible for drinking according to Iraqi standard limits for drinking water. While their microbiological (coliform) properties have been investigate, the microbiological test includes test (MaCconkey Broth) methodology to coliform for any different drinking water. As well as the international organization World Health Organization (WHO) ranges for qualities of drinking water were used for results comparisons, but the (drilled well) water in Imam Mohamed area isn’t suitable for drinking water, according to the (WHO) ranges for drinking water.

The main goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus among stray dogs, as well as its potential impact on the environmental contamination in the Kurdistan-Iraq using microscopic examination and the Copro-PCR method. The presence of taeniid eggs was recorded in 400 dog faeces collected from the four different regions in the Sulaimani Governorate. The parasite eggs were recovered from fresh and aged faecal samples of the dogs using two isolation techniques, a flotation method (Sheather’s solution, modified; specific gravity: d = 1.27) and a sedimentation method (formal-ether) in which the sediments from dog faeces were collected. Both methods were used for Copro-PCR to detect the presence of Echinococcus species egg through DNA using common primers designed to amplify a partial gene of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). The results of the microscopic examination showed a higher prevalence rate, i.e., 97 (24.25%) of E. granulosus among stray dogs generally in Sulaimani Governorate. The prevalence of E. granulosus among stray dogs according to the district area was 40, 24, 23, and 20.8% in Rzgari, Kalar, Sulaimani, and Halabja, respectively. The positive samples (n = 50) were selected for molecular confirmation, the DNA was extracted from the sediment of the positive samples and 40 (80%) samples were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequences show that all samples belong to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (G1–G3), with slight genetic variation. It was concluded that the sediment of dog faeces can be used for DNA extraction, which is a new method that increases the sensitivity of the test, and the amount of DNA yield would be higher than the routine method, which directly uses faeces of the dogs. In addition, the molecular diagnosis was more sensitive than the microscope examination for the presence of E. granulosus eggs. The prevalence of E. granulosus in both the final hosts and the intermediate hosts must be regularly monitored.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted between animals and humans by contaminated food, direct contact with an affected animal, or inhalation of aerosols. The research was for the period October 2019 to March 2020, 67vein blood samples of clinically suspected brucellosis (Malta fever) and 20 from healthy persons as control were tested. Control samples showed negative for brucellosis infection when serological testing was performed. while out of 67 suspected patients, 14 were significantly positive for Rose Bengal at titer (160), 39 positive for ELISA (37 for IgG and 2 for IgM). Out of 37 positive samples for IgG by ELISA, only seven samples were positive for Rose Bengal while two positive samples for IgM was negative for Rose Bengal.

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