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We present modelling results investigating the carrier dynamics of an SOA composed of an inhomogeneous array of quantum dots designed to produce broad gain amplification when optically pumped. We use a set of rate equations that describe the QDs inhomogeneity and include an energy dependent occupation factor within each inhomogeneously broadened level and numerically solve them with the propagation equation to investigate the amplification of optical signals in the waveguide. By treating the carrier filling according to the quasi-equilibrium distribution, we are able to investigate the effect of band-filling (BFE) on the gain and refractive index. The linewidth enhancement factor (α) is computed and analysed with respect to optical signal intensity as well as electrical current density.

Conducting gold pads on light-emitting diodes chips are synthesized by electroless chemical deposition and exhibit no color difference, reliable ability of wire bonding, and high electrical conductivity. A plating electrolyte with a long life time and high stability is developed. The hardness of pads formed by electroless plating is three times softer than those formed by evaporation and the force gauge of the p-and n-pads yields of approximately 55 g. The mechanism of electroless gold plating is elucidated and the functions of chemical reagents are explained using the proposed model. The industrial application of electroless gold plating is feasible.

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