Major ions were analyzed for twenty five groundwater samples collected from diverse aquifer in Baishan mining, northern Anhui province, China. Conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach were completed to identify the hydro-geochemical process and water-rock interaction, that be combined with the Cluster Analysis (CA) and Fisher discriminant analysis to recognize the sealed samples, the result showed: the diverse samples have vary ions inheriting from aquifer, samples collected from Sandstone aquifer (SA) is characterized by the high concentration of Na+ + K+, for the feldspar weathering is dominant; Ordovician limestone aquifer (OA) waters have abundance Ca2+ and Mg2+, for the dissolution of calcite and dolomite obviously; the dissolution of calcite and other calcareous concretions are dominant in Taiyuan formation water (TA) and Quaternary aquifer (QA) for the high ratio of Ca2+/Mg2+, otherwise the varied content of SO42– and HCO3− could distinguish the two aquifer water. Twenty five groundwater samples, containing six sealed samples, had been subdivided in to four groups by the CA, what are corresponded with four aquifers. Fisher discriminant functions were obtained and the efficiency was acceptable for the error rate 4% in all twenty five samples.

Major ions, trace elements and isotope concentrations for eight groundwater samples were tested, which collected from sandstone aquifer in Qianyingzi mine, northern Anhui province, China. The Geochemical characteristic of groundwater samples were studied based on the conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach, and the resulted showed: two types of groundwater could be identified through the Piper diagram, which have high concentrations total dissolved solids (1,164–5,165 mg/L), with alkaline environment (pH = 8.02–8.90) in nature; the rare earth element of groundwater samples are characterized by enrichment of HREEs compared to LREEs when normalized to PAAS, which presented from the NdSN/YbSN ratios ranging from 0.042 to 0.121, with an average 0.075; groundwater characterized by negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, what could be caused by the Ph conditions and exchange reaction between Eu2+ and Sr2+, respectively; δ18O and δ2H of groundwater varied from −8.78 to −8.36‰ and −68.5 to −59.5‰, respectively. The detritus and the exchange reaction between groundwater and alkyl could be the reason of obviously drift of δ2H.

Major ion concentrations of twenty groundwater samples from two deep seated aquifers (coal bearing-GC and limestone-LC) are analyzed for identify the differences between them and the source of ions. The results suggest that they are moderate to highly mineralized water with their average TDS values are 2444 (GC) and 1178 (LC) mg/L. LCs show lower Na but much higher Ca and Mg concentrations relative to GCs. Saturation indexes and principle component analysis, as well as mole ratios between Na and Cl, Ca and SO4, Ca and HCO3 indicate that they have multi sources with incorporation of halite and albite for Na, calcite, dolomite and gypsum for Ca, pyrite and gypsum for SO4.

Hydro-geochemistry and isotopes were used to understand the geochemical character and origin of the groundwater from coal bearing aquifer in Northern Anhui province, China. Twenty three groundwater samples were collected, and the isotopic composition δD, δ 18 O and major ions were analyzed, conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach was completed and the result showed: three groups of groundwater could be divided form the rectangular field, the Ca-Mg-Cl, Na-Cl-SO 4 and Na-HCO 3 type water; the feldspar weathering is dominating weathering process, whereas, the sulfuric acid is the weathering agent along with the carbonic acid; the groundwater mainly supplied from the meteoric water for all the plots are below the local meteoric water line and global meteoric water line, the values of δD are drifted obviously, what could be caused by the exchange reaction of δD between groundwater and alkyl.

Water disaster during coal mining in northern Anhui Province, China is serious at the moment and geochemical method is important for controlling of water disaster. In this paper, the major ion chemistry of groundwater from a sandstone aquifer in Wolonghu coal mine have been measured for evaluating the factors controlling the groundwater chemistry, the results indicate that these water are alkaline in nature and show highly mineralization and then can be classified as two types in recharge and discharge zone with different chemical signatures, respectively. They are oversaturated with calcite and dolomite but under-saturated with gypsum. The correlation between ion concentrations suggest that the chemical compositions of groundwater are controlled by multi factors including dissolution of calcite, dolomite and silicate minerals, evaporation and ion exchange.