Climate warming since the second half of the 20th century has begun to significantly impact infrastructure integrity in permafrost environments and has already resulted in expensive maintenance operations. Engineers in countries with permafrost are actively working to adapt the design of structures to degrading permafrost conditions. Here, we review permafrost degradation processes and their geotechnical impacts. We also summarise mitigation techniques for protecting transportation infrastructure built on permafrost and for preventing permafrost degradation near these facilities based on the results of field and laboratory tests, numerical simulations and engineering practices on such infrastructure. We draw four conclusions: (1) climate warming and local surface changes have caused permafrost degradation, and resulted in instability and damage leading to infrastructure maintenance and repair; (2) passive cooling methods, including high‐albedo surfacing, sun‐sheds, air convection embankments, air ducts, heat drains and thermosyphons, have shown consistent cooling effects, if designed appropriately; (3) mitigation and adaptation methods are more expensive than conventional construction techniques as shown by construction cost data for a test site in Canada; and (4) the influence of continued climate warming on permafrost and infrastructure design must be considered within the design of new or rehabilitated infrastructure and within the context of the infrastructure's service life. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

No abstract

No abstract

Qualitative analysis processes are currently used to design and allocate maintenance monies for linear infrastructure on permafrost. The routing and maintenance locations are generally selected using a qualitative process, with probabilities and consequences of each potential failure mode evaluated using a scalar rating system. A quantitative risk assessment utilizes calculated values of failure probability and consequence. In either analysis method, the values of probability and consequence are multiplied to determine a risk importance factor, which is used to rank and analyze each risk. While qualitative analysis methods have been used for many years, there is a push within the engineering community towards probability-based methodologies, quantifying the analysis process. This paper presents a review of probabilistic methods used to analyze geotechnical properties and calculation uncertainty, problems and failure modes of embankment-supported infrastructure on permafrost, and risk analysis methods. This review is an initial step in the development of a tool and methodology for quantitative risk assessment of linear infrastructure on permafrost; a brief discussion of the research plan is also included.

No abstract