The present study investigated the possible ameliorative effect of Beta-MOS ® on lead-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia. A total of ninety O. niloticus (34.43 ± 0.31 g and 7 weeks age) were used in this study. Fish of mixed sex were divided into 4 groups. The first group which served as control received a basal diet (0% Beta-MOS ® ). The second group received a diet supplemented with 0.3% Beta-MOS ® . The third group was exposed to 10 mg Pb acetate L -1 in water and received a basal diet. The fourth group was exposed to the same dose of Pb acetate (10 mg L -1 ) in water and given 0.3% Beta-MOS ® . Initial and final weight as well as weight gain were recorded. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were determined. Creatinine plasma level was estimated as well as histopathological changes in the kidney. The lead acetate induced a significant reduction in final body weight, weight gain, red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration than control. Moreover, creatinine was significantly increased in the lead group than control, with retrogressive changes in histopathological sections. Dietary Beta-MOS ® ameliorated all the lead-induced perturbations in the tested parameters. Dietary Beta-MOS ® ameliorated lead acetate toxicity in Nile tilapia.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic metabolic disorder that progresses slowly and silently. As hyperglycemia becomes chronic with time, it leads to serious consequences in several tissues, especially those that are insulin-insensitive (retina, neurons, kidneys). Although synthetic oral hypoglycemic drugs alongside insulin are the main route for controlling DM, they fail to reverse the course of its complications completely and further worsen it by the fact that they also demonstrate prominent side effects. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is one of the most important herbs of Ayurveda "the traditional system of medicine in India. Ashwagandha root and leaf extract demonstrated a hypoglycemic activity comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Due to its neuroprotective properties, preclinical and clinical studies have supported the use of ashwagandha for the treatment of a wide range of neurological conditions. Ashwagandha has strong antioxidant properties, which aid in the prevention of cellular damage caused by free radicals.

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