Antimicrobianos como promotores de crecimiento (AGP) en alimentos balanceados para aves: uso, resistencia bacteriana, nuevas alternativas y opciones de reemplazo.

Aims This work aimed to identify secondary metabolites from aerial parts of Euphorbia species functional for control of toxigenic Fusarium species responsible of cereal grain rots. Methods and Results Aerial parts of Euphorbia serpens, Euphorbia schickendantzii and Euphorbia collina were sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were tested against strains of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum by microdilution tests. The hexane extract of E. collina provided the lowest IC50s on both fungal species. Further fractionation showed that cycloartenol (CA) and 24‐methylenecycloartanol are associated to the moderate inhibitory effect of the hexane extract on fungal growth.Sublethal concentrations of CA and 24MCA blocked deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins production.CA and 24MCA co‐applied with potassium sorbate, a food preservative used for Fusarium control, synergized the growth inhibition of fungi. The mixtures reduced mycotoxins accumulation when applied at sublethal concentrations. Conclusions CA and 24MCA inhibited both fungal growth and mycotoxins production. This fact is an advantage respect to potassium sorbate which increased the mycotoxins accumulation at sublethal concentrations. Significance and Impact of the Study CA and 24MCA synergized potassium sorbate and their mixtures offer a lower mycotoxigenic risk than potassium sorbate for control of the Fusarium species.

The gastroprotective effect of two plants of La Pampa province Equisetum giganteun L. and Cortaderiaselloana (Schult&Schult. f.) were utilised in an ulcer incited model by hypothermia and immobilisation in rats. Aerial parts of the plants were dried in a heater by air flow at 60 °C. The vegetable drug was extracted by ethanol:water solvent (1:1, v/v). The Mus musculus rats were allotted in groups of five animals each. The observer group (OG) received an oral dose of 0,5 ml of excipient (Ex) composed by carboxymethylcellulose and tween 80 (1:1, v/v). The control group (CG) received 0,05 mg/kg of atropine subcutaneously and 0,5 ml of Ex orally, by contrast, the treated groups (GTEg and GTCs) received an oral dose of 1 gram hydro-alcoholic extract. The results, of both control and treatments groups, were compared and analysed with the results of the observed group by the student t-test. The atropine administered to the CG prevented the ulcer formation in all animals group. The two evaluated plants showed significant gastroprotective effect (p≤0,01) in relation to the CG. It concluded that the extract of the evaluated plants prevented the ulcer formation induced by stress in rats.

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