Plutella xylostella (L.) is the most important pest of Brassicaceae worldwide, with a recent estimate of US$ 4-5 billion expenditure for the control of this insect. A case of very high resistance of this pest to chlorantraniliprole was recently associated with reduced efficacy in a Brazilian field of Brassica spp. Although diamide resistance has been characterized, the fitness of insects due to such resistance has yet to be examined. Therefore, in this study, biological parameters were assessed in both susceptible and resistant strains of P. xylostella subjected to sublethal chlorantraniliprole concentrations. The field strain showed high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR50=27,793-fold), although resistance rapidly decreased in the first generations, showing instability. The exposure of susceptible and resistant larvae to their respective LC1, LC10, and LC25 values led to an increased duration of the larval and pupae phases and reduced weight in both strains; however, no significant differences in pupal viability across the treatments were observed. The resistant insects presented significantly lower larval weight and fecundity and higher larval and pupal periods, hatchability, and male longevity when not exposed to chlorantraniliprole, suggesting a fitness cost associated with resistance. In addition, resistant females showed a significantly higher egg-laying period and longevity at LC25, whereas the males lived longer at LC1. Chlorantraniliprole negatively impacted the biological parameters of both strains tested, although these effects were more relevant to the resistant insects. Resistant P. xylostella showed negative and positive biological trade-offs when compared with the susceptible individuals in both the absence and presence of chlorantraniliprole. Despite the important role that these trade-offs may play in the evolution of resistance to chlorantraniliprole, practical applications still depend on such information as the dominance of fitness costs and resistance.

O estudo buscou identificar e analisar as razões associadas à baixa representatividade feminina no cargo de técnica. As informantes foram treze técnicas de oito modalidades. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada e consultas com entidades esportivas. Constatou-se que as mulheres representam apenas 7% dos técnicos brasileiros. Como motivos para a pequena atuação feminina no cargo emergiram as barreiras enfrentadas pelas técnicas; a dificuldade de ascensão; a aceitação feminina da exclusão; a falta de mulheres com perfil; e a desistência da carreira.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review of intervention programs that have addressed affective learning outcomes within physical education and to explore pedagogical practices in alignment with teaching, lesson content, and learning outcomes. Method: The literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Included were 26 peer-reviewed pedagogical studies of physical education programs that addressed affective outcomes and reported fidelity of implementation. Results and Discussion: Affective outcomes were grouped into four themes: motivation, emotional responses, self-concept, and resilience. The findings showed that offering choice, encouraging peer feedback, asking deductive questions, focusing on personal improvement, and differentiating are effective teaching strategies that were widely used to support affective learning in children and adolescents. This review highlights the importance of fidelity of implementation to understand how intervention programs are delivered.

Diante da baixa representatividade de mulheres como treinadoras esportivas no Brasil, este estudo buscou identificar as vias de acesso e estratégias utilizadas por treinadoras brasileiras para a sua inserção, ascensão e permanência no cargo. A amostra foi composta por treze técnicas de oito modalidades esportivas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados indicaram que as principais formas de acesso à profissão foram a condução e o convite. Verificou-se que as mulheres atribuem sua permanência no cargo principalmente à credibilidade adquirida com as conquistas em competições. Conclui-se que, por se tratar de uma profissão de domínio masculino, a grande barreira para as mulheres é a falta de oportunidades de inserção.