Pyrrole derivatives are a special class of heterocycle compounds that have many biological and pharmacological activities. Also, these compounds are one important portion of natural products which give particular properties to these compounds. In recent years, use of different nanoparticles for the organic synthesis is increased. In this review, we focused on the application of different nanoparticles in the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives.

An effective and green one-pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives by Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -OSO 3 H as a reusable magnetic nanocatalyst has been reported. Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives are achieved reaction among ethylenediamine, dialkylacetylenedicarboxy-lates and β-nitrostyrene derivatives in water as a green solvent with high to excellent yields. This catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometry) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) techniques.

A new and mild protocol for the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines using CoFe2O4@SiO2‐PA‐CC‐Guanidine MNPs in water at room temperature was reported. Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from reaction between hydrazine hydrate, ethylacetoacetate, aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives in good to excellent yields. This nanocatalyst was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. CoFe2O4@SiO2‐PA‐CC‐Guanidine MNPs have high activity and easy separation from the reaction mixture. This magnetic nanocatalyst has recovery capability and can be reused for the several times.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic gastric pathogen and a major contributor to chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric malignancies. The increasing prevalence of H. pylori infection and its related diseases, such as gastric cancer (GC), motivates medicinal chemists to seek for more effective multi‐targeting drugs to prevent and treat H. pylori‐related clinical complications. Benzimidazole, a hetero‐aromatic bicyclic ring compound, has claimed a prominent role in medicinal chemistry owing to its broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Studies highlight the promising therapeutic potential of benzimidazole derivatives in the treatment of H. pylori‐related clinical complications such as gastric infection, gastritis, peptic ulcer, and GC. Accordingly, we here aimed to scrutinize the role of active molecules of benzimidazole derivatives as potential antibacterial, anti‐urease, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐ulcerative, and anticancer agents, which are expected to find their ways to the clinical setting sooner or later. Due to the role of structural moieties in determining the biological behaviors of benzimidazole derivatives, we explored the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds to further expand the scope of design of and research on new drugs against H. pylori‐related diseases.

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