Review on synthesis of pyrrole derivatives promoted by nanoparticles

Abstract

Pyrrole derivatives are a special class of heterocycle compounds that have many biological and pharmacological activities. Also, these compounds are one important portion of natural products which give particular properties to these compounds. In recent years, use of different nanoparticles for the organic synthesis is increased. In this review, we focused on the application of different nanoparticles in the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives.

One‐pot Synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted‐2,6‐dicyanoaniline Derivatives using CoFe2O4@SiO2@L‐Arginine as a Magnetically Nanocatalyst

“…The proposed mechanism for the reaction between malononitrile, benzaldehyde derivatives and β-nitrostyrene derivatives in order to synthesize of 3,5-disubstituted-2,6-dicyanoaniline (4) is illustrated in (Scheme 3). [35,36] The first step consists of a reaction between malononitrile and aldehyde in the presence of basic catalyst and compound (D) is produced. Then, the reaction can progress from two pathways for the synthesis of intermediate (G).…”

Synthesis and Toxicity Evaluation of New Pyrroles Obtained by the Reaction of Activated Alkynes with 1-Methyl-3-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazolium Bromide

“…Pyrrole is a five membered heteroaromatic compound with one nitrogen atom in the ring. The pyrrole core is usually encountered among natural compounds, the bestknown being the heme, chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and marine alkaloids (e.g., lamellarins, storniamides) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The importance of natural and synthetic pyrroles arises from their wide range of applications in various fields such as medicinal chemistry, catalysis, dyes, and materials science [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…The pyrrole core is usually encountered among natural compounds, the bestknown being the heme, chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and marine alkaloids (e.g., lamellarins, storniamides) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The importance of natural and synthetic pyrroles arises from their wide range of applications in various fields such as medicinal chemistry, catalysis, dyes, and materials science [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A great number of natural or synthetic pyrrole derivatives have been found to exhibit a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antihypertensive, etc.…”

“…A great number of natural or synthetic pyrrole derivatives have been found to exhibit a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antihypertensive, etc. [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][14][15][16]. The best-known marketed drugs containing substituted pyrrole nucleus [6][7][8]10] are tolmetin and zomepirac, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and pain [10]; atorvastatin used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases [7]; and sunitinib used in cancer treatment [17] (Figure 1).…”

“…The best-known marketed drugs containing substituted pyrrole nucleus [6][7][8]10] are tolmetin and zomepirac, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and pain [10]; atorvastatin used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases [7]; and sunitinib used in cancer treatment [17] (Figure 1). From the marine alkaloid group with the tri-and tetrasubstituted pyrrole ring, lamellarins O, Q, R for their anticancer activity [5] and storniamids A-D for antibacterial activity [3] stand out (Figure 2). Additionally, pyrroles are useful building blocks [18][19][20][21] in the design and synthesis of naturally occurring compounds, functionalized materials, and new bioactive condensed heterocycles, and as a consequence, the interesting synthetic aspects and applications of the compounds possessing the pyrrole core have been reviewed [9][10][11][12][13]18,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”