A number of psychological factors have been found to be relevant in terms of problematic use of digital devices. Some of them may serve as risk factors, while others mean protection. The main goal of present study was to determine user profiles and to examine differences among them based on several psychological variables using cluster analysis. Data were collected from high school and university students via an online questionnaire from November 2017 to January 2018 (N = 249; females: 62.2%, Mean age = 22.5 years, SD = 3.5). Based on bivariate correlations, sensation seeking, flow and boredom proneness acted as risk factors for developing problematic technological use. However, self-esteem, self-regulation and resilience were significant protective factors against problematic technological use. In an effort to develop a set of profiles that would capture this student population and their usage relative to risk, we identified four distinct user profiles through the use of cluster analysis. The first cluster was labeled as strongly protected sensation-seekers who were more prone to problematic use (18.5%) with moderately high levels of protection, but with the highest scores on the boredom proneness and sensation seeking scales. The second cluster consisted of more balanced and non-vulnerable users (26.1%), who achieved average scores on both risk and protective factors scales. The third cluster was labeled protected, conscious users who were slightly prone to problematic use (39.8%) with lower levels of problematic use and risk factors, and with higher levels of protective factors. The fourth cluster was labeled as strongly problematic, unprotected users (15.7%), who achieved the highest scores of problematic use, and were the less protected having the lowest levels of protective factors scores. We conclude that cluster analysis was suitable for detecting differences in vulnerability to problematic Internet and smartphone use. Psychological factors, such as sensation seeking, flow and boredom, self-esteem, self-regulation and resilience serve as useful tools for providing information to better understanding the role of risk and protective factors in the prevention of youth's problematic use of digital devices. Problematic Internet and smartphone useStudies apply the terms 'addiction' and 'problematic use'

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In the digital age, besides the well-known contributors to depression, more research is needed on certain activities of social media, such as online selfdisclosure. Using an online survey, we examine the associations of depression with social media addiction, online self-disclosure, loneliness, and life satisfaction among a sample of Hungarian university students (N = 301, aged between 18 and 30 years). There were no sex differences in depression scores. Findings showed the following: a) lonely students; b) those less satisfied with their lives; c) those sharing negative information; and d) those that engage in deep self-disclosure are more likely to report depressive symptomatology. Although social media addiction was a correlate of depression in bivariate analyses, it became nonsignificant when online self-disclosure and other psychological variables were introduced to the model. A more careful accounting of these relationships is needed to more wisely use social media when disclosing information about ourselves.

A problémás internethasználat összefüggése a magányossággal középiskolás és egyetemi hallgatók körébenAz internethasználat ma már Magyarországon is szinte minden korcsoportban jelen van a mindennapi élet számos színterén. A fiatal generáció tagjai ebbe az online világba születtek bele, így számukra elkerülhetetlen, hogy akár napi több órát is az internet előtt töltsenek tanulmányaik végzése és társas kapcsolataik fenntartása céljából. Azonban a túlzott vagy kontrollálatlan internethasználat következtében számos negatív hatás érheti őket, melyek közül kiemelkedik a problémás internethasználat (PIH). Kutatásunkban (N = 237,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] évesek) a PIH magányossággal való összefüggését vizsgáltuk, ami vitatott terület, hiszen egyrészről az internet épít a társas kapcsolatokra, másrészt el is távolíthat az offline kapcsolatok létesítésétől. A PIH előfordulása 7,6%. A fiúk körében gyakoribb és súlyosabb a PIH, továbbá az életkor és a család anyagi helyzete nagyban hozzájárul nemcsak a PIHhoz, hanem a magányosság előfordulásához is. Erős szignifikáns és pozitív kapcsolatot állapítottunk meg a PIH és a magányosság között; legerősebb a kapcsolat a PIH affektív komponensével. Az adatok felhívják a figyelmet a problémás internethasználat felismerésére és a megelőzés szükségességére. Iskolakultúra, 27. évfolyam, 2017/1-12. szám Bevezetés A