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In the shipbuilding industry, welding is the main technique used to join steel structures. There is a lifting process, post-welding, that can eliminate the correction effect of line heating. Line heating is reperformed after the lifting process. This can significantly delay the ship assembly process. Herein, we present a design method for installing a permanent stiffener to avoid the disappearance of the line heating effect during the lifting process. The change in physical properties due to heating and cooling of the line heating is calculated. The limiting stress, at which the effect of the line heating completely disappears, based on the inherent strain theory, is obtained. The phase fraction by the cooling rate is calculated using the continuous cooling transformation diagram and the Kiustinen–Marburgerm equation. Physical properties affected by the phase transformation are calculated, considering the physical properties and fraction of each phase. The square plate theory and superposition principle are used to construct a local model, with a stiffener, of the ship block. The stress caused by the shape of the stiffener and the distance between the stiffeners were calculated for the local model. The calculated stress and the limiting stress were compared to determine, for the expected line heating efficiency, the most acceptable stiffener design. Finally, to confirm the elimination of the problem, the designed stiffener is analyzed using the finite element method.

The wind tower block is welded with the flange to assemble the wind tower. The inherent strain due to local heating and cooling of the weld affects the flatness of the flange. Therefore, line heating is performed to satisfy the design criteria of the flange flatness, but the work variables depend on the operator’s empirical judgment. This study proposed a method to determine the optimum linear heating conditions to control the welded flatness of wind tower blocks and flanges. A proposed method uses the inherent strain method, a simple analysis method, and the optimization is performed based on the deformation superposition method. The changes in flange flatness due to welding and single-point heating were calculated. Then, the flatness change due to single-point heating is superimposed with a scale factor, which represents the magnitude of line heating, and is added to the flatness change due to welding. Using the optimization procedure, the line heating conditions used to derive the flatness that satisfies the design criteria were derived and applied to the analytical model for verification.

New luminescent material, 6,11-Dihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione (Alq 2 -Ncd) was synthesized. And extended efforts have been made to obtain high-performance electro-luminescent (EL) devices, since the first report of organic lightemitting diodes (OLEDs) based on tris-(8-hydroxy-quinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ). Current-voltage characteristics, brightness-voltage characteristics, luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency were measured at room temperature. The maximum wavelength of the EL is at around 504 nm and the brightness is up to 2702 cd/m 2 with the maximum efficiency up to 3.91 lm/W.

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