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Phosphatase and TensinHomolog, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53Mutation in p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes are reported to be prevalent in endometrial cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and PTEN proteins in endometrial cancer among women with hysterectomy.In this cross-sectional study, 40 paraffin-embedded endometrial cancer samples were collected during 2015 to 2016, from women with hysterectomy in Al Zahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. The histopathological observation was performed to confirm endometrial cancer and its grade. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done for p53 and PTEN biomarkers. Data were analyzed by SPSS.Thirty-three (82.5%), six (15.0%) and one (2.5%) out of 40 samples were endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, serous carcinoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma, respectively. Furthermore, 5, 16 and 19 out of 40 studied samples belonged to grade I, II and III, respectively. The IHC observation showed that p53 expression in 9 (22.5%) was positive, while the rest 31 (77.5%) samples were p53 negative. Moreover, PTEN expression was observed in 10 (25%) samples and 30 (75.0%) samples were PTEN negative. The sensitivity of p53 and PTEN for diagnosis of endometrial cancer was calculated as 56.3% and 80%, respectively.The IHC markers, p53 and PTEN, show heterogeneous results as diagnostic and prognostic markers for endometrial carcinoma and are suggested to be used along with other markers for such purposes. Endometrial cancer is the fourth common malignancy in women. It is also the most common gynecological malignancy in developed and the second common in developing countries. 1,2 In the 1970s, the incidence of endometrial cancer showed an elevation after increased use of menopausal estrogen therapy. 2,3 Obesity causes higher relative risk of endometrial cancer as compared to any other obesity-associated cancer. 4,5 Another risk factor is the earlier onset of menarche and also decreasing of the other protective factors like multiparity. The incidence of endometrial cancer is expected to increase by nearly 50-100% in the next two decades. 2,6 Two major types of endometrial cancer have been described. Type I is the endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which is mostly well-differentiated tumor and comprises of the large majority of endometrial cancers. Type I endometrial cancer is associated with the unopposed estrogen stimulation and is mostly progressed by endometrial hyperplasia. Type II includes papillary serous adenocarcinomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas, carcinosarcomas, and grade III endometrioid carcinomas. This type is commonly described as estrogen independent,

CervixCervical cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of mortality from malignancies of genital organs in women, which can be prevented by diagnosis of pre-neoplastic changes in cervix. This study aimed to evaluate the p16 INK4abiomarker in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method.The present cross-sectional study was carried out on the paraffin-embedded blocks of cervical tissue of 100 women with previous histopathological diagnosis of CIN referred to AlZahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, during 2015-2016. The samples were divided into 4 groups, 31 with normal cervical finding, 30 with low-grade CIN (CIN I), and 39 with high-grade CIN (16 CIN II and 23 CIN III). p16INK4a was investigated on the samples using IHC technique. Data was analyzed by SPSS using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.Thirteen out of 30 (43%), 12 out of 16 (75%) and 23 out of 23 (100%) of the CIN I, CIN II, CIN III were positive for p16 INK4a , respectively. None of the normal samples were positive for p16 INK4a . Sensitivity of p16INK4a for detection of CIN I, CIN II, CIN III was calculated as 63%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the biomarker for detection of CIN lesions was 76.6% and the specificity was 100% for all CIN grades.The p16 INK4A biomarker is a suitable diagnostic tool for high-grade CIN, yet for low-grade ones it has lower sensitivity. p16INK4a can be a helpful tool beside histopathology for diagnosis of CIN lesions.Citation: Esmaieli HA, Berenjian S. Survey of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of dysplastic changes in cervix.