Extreme earthquake events always have an impact on human life, when the intensity of events becomes greater than a certain intensity it will cause disaster. The intensity of a small earthquake occurs at any time without significant side effects. Based on statistical analysis it was revealed that earthquakes with greater intensity occur more difficult than small intensities. In the discussion, earthquake data showed that there were fluctuations in earthquake events which indicated a different maximum earthquake. Thus, major disasters occur because a small portion of major events occurs. The Banda Sea Region is an active earthquake area that contains earthquake events above magnitude 5 Richter scale (Rs) each year with a total average of above 815 major earthquake news during 1970-2018. The results of seismic studies in the Banda Sea region show a return period of 7.5 Rs magnitude earthquake quake is around 48 years and a probability of around 0.020%. Magnitude 7.0 Rs earthquake has a repetition interval of around (12-17) years with a probability of around 0.061%. In this study the analysis of earthquake probabilities and earthquake magnitude in the span of 30 years. An earthquake measuring (5.5-6.5) Rs, for example, has a probability of 100%, but if an earthquake measuring 7.7 Rs is chosen, the probability drops to 46%.

There are three rock samples that have been taken from the gold mining area of Botak mountain. The rock samples were then analyzed with spectroscopic IR to estimate the characteristic of mineral in the area. Analysis results indicate that the type of mineral found in rock samples 2 is dominated by Kaolinite, Organic Carbon, Palygorskite and Quartz. So it can be estimate the type of rock contained in that area is Quartzite. The analysis result of mineral type analysis on rock samples 1 dan 3 have similarities that is Kaolinite, Organic Carbon, Palygorskite, and Albite. So it can be estimate that the other types of rock in the area are Andesite and Limestone. The existence of Andesit and Limestone shows that there has been alteration and hydrothermal mineralization from volcanic origin rock. So it can be estimate that these rocks are the bearing rocks and hosted rocks of base metals and gold. Whereas the quartzite is a bond mineral from gold carrying rocks

This study demonstrates the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which has been applied to identification of mineral rocks from Pohon Batu hot springs, West Seram regency, Province of Maluku. FTIR spectroscopic interpretation are absorbance or transmittance spectra as a function of wavelength that shows the content of organic compounds found in rocks. From the conditions of mineral formation and presence of various impurity ions and elements also influence the intensity and position of the IR absorption peaks. This study identified the strong peaks of minerals like kaolinite at 3618 cm−1, montmorillonite at 1612 cm−1, organic carbon at 2924 cm−1, quartz at 1874 cm−1, calcite at 1797 cm−1, albite at 1026 cm−1, illite at 756 cm−1 and hematite at 532 cm−1. From the result of FTIR analysis indicates that this area has undergone hydrotermal alteration thus becoming a secondary minerals. Rock-forming minerals in the hydrothermal alteration process are influenced by the presence of temperature, pressure in geothermal fluids and the decomposition of plants and animals.

Petrographic analysis to rock samples located at Oma-Haruku hot springs was dominated by mudstone. Another alteration mineral types of the rocks in this area are quartz, aragonite/calcite and feldspar minerals. Petrographic analysis was supported by the XRD method. The method indicated that the alteration minerals content was generally dominated by the presence of aragonite/calcite with particle size of 0.05 -2 mm, the abundance of 55% and the spread evenly. Based on such presence of aragonite/calcite, one can interpret that the origin rock was carbonate. Alteration minerals which were generally dominated by mudstone indicate that the type of hot spring area in Oma-Haruku is a type of high-temperature reservoir, namely > 175 o C. Therefore, the area is potentially as geothermal field in Central of Moluccas.

An investigation of alteration minerals has been carried out using the XRD (X-ray diffraction) method in several geothermal areas on Ambon Island. There are 4 (four) regions that are mapped as potential areas for the development of geothermal energy in Ambon islands, including Hatuasa geothermal energy, TalangHaha, Suli, and Waiyari. The results of the investigation interpret that rock samples in the Hatuasa geothermal region are dominated by quartz wacke with rock fragments in this area in the form of quartz minerals, pyroxene, opaque minerals, and feldspar while the matrix is clay minerals. The interpretation of rock samples in the TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari regions is almost the same which is dominated by feldspathic greywacke with fragments in the form of quartz minerals, opaque minerals, lytic, and feldspar, while the matrix is clay minerals. Those minerals are alteration mineralsfrom the original minerals. The appearance of mineral changes in these areas shows that the reservoir temperature in these areas is very high. In addition to changes in the appearance of minerals, the potential of geothermal energy in some areas of Ambon Island can also be interpreted from the results of measurements of flowrate. Flow discharge in the Hatuasa, TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari regions ranged from 0.19 m3/second; 0.16 m3/second; 0.13 m3/second and 0.20 m3/second give the results of heat loss calculations which are 86.4 kW; 71.8 kW; 72.4 kW and 114.19 kW. Thus the Hatuasa, TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari geothermal fields can be used as a basis for recommendations on the utilization of geothermal potential for local governments (indirect use), namely as information to meet the shortage of electricity in Ambon Island.